From the McMaster Ancient DNA Centre (A.M.D., J.M.E., M.K., S.F., K.I.B., H.N.P.), Departments of Anthropology (A.M.D., M.K., K.I.B., H.N.P.), Biology (J.M.E., G.B.G., H.N.P.), and Mathematics and Statistics (D.J.D.E.), and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research (N.W., D.J.D.E., H.N.P.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, and the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto (D.N.F.) - all in Canada; the Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus (J.H.T.); Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity Institute, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney (M.S., E.C.H.); and the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Mütter Museum, Philadelphia (A.N.D.).
N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):334-40. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1308663. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
In the 19th century, there were several major cholera pandemics in the Indian subcontinent, Europe, and North America. The causes of these outbreaks and the genomic strain identities remain a mystery. We used targeted high-throughput sequencing to reconstruct the Vibrio cholerae genome from the preserved intestine of a victim of the 1849 cholera outbreak in Philadelphia, part of the second cholera pandemic. This O1 biotype strain has 95 to 97% similarity with the classical O395 genome, differing by 203 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), lacking three genomic islands, and probably having one or more tandem cholera toxin prophage (CTX) arrays, which potentially affected its virulence. This result highlights archived medical remains as a potential resource for investigations into the genomic origins of past pandemics.
在 19 世纪，印度次大陆、欧洲和北美的霍乱大流行时有发生。这些爆发的原因和基因组菌株身份仍然是个谜。我们使用靶向高通量测序，从费城 1849 年霍乱爆发受害者的保存肠道中重建了霍乱弧菌基因组，该受害者是第二次霍乱大流行的一部分。这种 O1 生物型菌株与经典 O395 基因组的相似度为 95%至 97%，有 203 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的差异，缺少三个基因组岛，可能还有一个或多个串联霍乱毒素噬菌体（CTX）数组，这可能影响了它的毒力。这一结果突出了存档的医学标本作为研究过去大流行的基因组起源的潜在资源。
