Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Mar-Apr;30(2-3):94-101. doi: 10.1089/jop.2013.0185. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Although glaucoma is a relatively common blinding disease, most people do not develop glaucoma. A robust intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostatic mechanism keeps ocular pressures within relatively narrow acceptable bounds throughout most peoples' lives. The trabecular meshwork and/or Schlemm's canal inner wall cells respond to sustained IOP elevation and adjust the aqueous humor outflow resistance to restore IOP to acceptable levels. It appears that the cells sense IOP elevations as mechanical stretch or distortion of the actual outflow resistance and respond by initiating a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover process that takes several days to complete. Although considerable information pertinent to this process is available, many aspects of the IOP homeostatic process remain to be elucidated. Components and mechanisms beyond ECM turnover could also be relevant to IOP homeostasis, but will not be addressed in detail here. Known aspects of the IOP homeostasis process as well as possible ways that it might function and impact glaucoma are discussed.
虽然青光眼是一种相对常见的致盲性疾病，但大多数人不会患上青光眼。强大的眼内压（IOP）稳态机制使大多数人在其一生中的眼内压保持在相对狭窄的可接受范围内。小梁网和/或施莱姆氏管内壁细胞对持续升高的 IOP 作出反应，并调整房水流出阻力，使 IOP 恢复到可接受的水平。看来，细胞通过对实际流出阻力的机械拉伸或变形来感知 IOP 升高，并通过启动一个需要几天才能完成的复杂细胞外基质（ECM）转化过程来作出反应。尽管有相当多与该过程相关的信息，但 IOP 稳态过程的许多方面仍有待阐明。除 ECM 转化之外的成分和机制也可能与 IOP 稳态有关，但在这里不会详细讨论。本文讨论了 IOP 稳态过程的已知方面，以及它可能发挥作用和影响青光眼的可能方式。
