Hrabovszky Erik
Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Neuroendocrinology. 2014;99(1):33-48. doi: 10.1159/000356903. Epub 2013 Nov 8.
Hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) neurons are key players in the neuronal network that regulates the onset of puberty and the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In various mammalian species, the majority of KP-synthesizing neurons are concentrated in two distinct cell populations in the preoptic region and the arcuate nucleus (ARC). While studies of female rodents have provided evidence that preoptic KP neurons play a critical sex-specific role in positive estrogen feedback, KP neurons of the ARC have been implicated in negative sex steroid feedback and they have also been hypothesized to contribute to the pulse generator network which regulates episodic GnRH secretion in both females and males. Except for relatively few morphological studies available in monkeys and humans, our neuroanatomical knowledge of the hypothalamic KP systems is predominantly based on observations of laboratory species which are phylogenetically distant from the human. This review article discusses the currently available literature on the topographic distribution, network connectivity, neurochemistry, sexual dimorphism, and aging-dependent morphological plasticity of the human hypothalamic KP neuronal system.
下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素神经元（KP）是调节青春期启动和促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）脉冲式分泌的神经网络中的关键参与者。在各种哺乳动物物种中，大多数合成KP的神经元集中在视前区和弓状核（ARC）的两个不同细胞群中。虽然对雌性啮齿动物的研究提供了证据，表明视前区KP神经元在雌激素正反馈中发挥关键的性别特异性作用，但ARC的KP神经元与性类固醇负反馈有关，并且它们也被假设参与调节雌性和雄性间歇性GnRH分泌的脉冲发生器网络。除了在猴子和人类中可获得的相对较少的形态学研究外，我们对下丘脑KP系统的神经解剖学知识主要基于对与人类在系统发育上距离较远的实验动物的观察。这篇综述文章讨论了目前关于人类下丘脑KP神经元系统的地形分布、网络连接、神经化学、性别二态性和衰老依赖性形态可塑性的现有文献。
