a School of Psychology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.
Attach Hum Dev. 2014;16(2):137-48. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2013.869237. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
The current study extends research on the effects of institutionalization, most notably by evaluating the influence of proximal relationship processes over and above prenatal and pre-institutional family experiences. By focusing on current quality of institutional care and the child's early family background, it examines the influence of variations in the institutionalization experience on displays of indiscriminate social behavior, after taking into account potentially confounding pre-admission experiences. Seventy-four Portuguese children (11-30 months) placed in 17 residential institutions and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children's displays of indiscriminate social behavior were assessed based on an observational measure and a semi-structured interview administered to the child's caregiver. Data on children's physical and mental development were also collected. Three contextual-risk composites of early family behavior - prenatal, family relational, and emotional-neglect--were created. The quality of institutional care was examined in terms of structural, relational characteristics, and, additionally, of the quality of child-caregiver relationship. Current quality of care experienced in the institution, operationalized in terms of the absence (vs. presence) of a preferred caregiver, predicted indiscriminate social behavior over and above prenatal and family risk conditions that preceded the child's institutionalization.
本研究扩展了关于制度化影响的研究，特别是通过评估近端关系过程对产前和机构前家庭经验的影响。通过关注当前机构照顾的质量和儿童的早期家庭背景，它研究了机构化经验的变化对无差别的社会行为表现的影响，同时考虑了潜在的混杂入院前经历。74 名葡萄牙儿童（11-30 个月）被安置在 17 个住宿机构，他们的主要照顾者参与了研究。儿童无差别的社会行为表现是根据观察测量和对儿童照顾者进行的半结构化访谈来评估的。还收集了关于儿童身体和精神发育的数据。创建了三个早期家庭行为的背景风险综合指标——产前、家庭关系和情感忽视。机构照顾的质量是根据结构、关系特征以及儿童照顾者关系的质量来检查的。机构中当前的照顾质量，以缺乏（而不是存在）首选照顾者的形式来操作，预测了无差别的社会行为，超过了儿童机构化之前的产前和家庭风险条件。
