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World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Jan;11(1):17-25. doi: 10.1007/BF00339134.
This review describes the main natural extreme environments, characterized by high temperature, high and low pH and high salinity, that can be colonized by microorganisms. The environments covered are: freshwater alkaline hot springs; acidic solfatara fields; anaerobic geothermal mud and soils; acidic sulphur and pyrite areas; carbonate springs and alkaline soil; and soda and highly saline lakes. The community structure, in terms of available energy sources and representative autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, is discussed for each type of habitat.
本综述描述了主要的自然极端环境，其特点是高温、高低 pH 值和高盐度，可以被微生物所定居。涵盖的环境包括：淡水碱性温泉；酸性硫黄泉地；厌氧地热泥和土壤；酸性硫磺和黄铁矿区域；碳酸盐泉和碱性土壤；以及苏打和高盐湖泊。根据可用能源以及有代表性的自养和异养微生物，讨论了每种栖息地的群落结构。
