Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Wilmslow Rd., M20 9BX, Withington, Manchester, UK.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 1991 Mar;7(2):137-49. doi: 10.1007/BF00328983.
Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to express foreign genes in viruses and bacteria. This has led to the idea of engineering live attenuated vaccines to express protective antigens from foreign pathogens. Vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine, has been used to ploneer this approach. Several hundred recombinants have been recorded in the literature and many of them have been shown to protect animals against challenge with the appropriate pathogen. Although mixed results have been obtained with experiments in humans and primates, and there is some concern over complications associated with vaccination, recent advances in our under-standing of the basic biology of vaccinia virus should allow these difficulties to be overcome. Whatever the final outcome of proposals to use vaccinia recombinants in humans, vaccinia has proved to be a valuable general purpose expression system and is particularly useful for studying cellular immunity. The success of field trials with a vaccinia recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein may lead to widespread use of vaccinia recombinants as animal vaccines. Therefore it seems likely that vaccinia recombinants will continue to play a useful part in the development of new vaccines for infectious disease.
重组 DNA 技术使得在病毒和细菌中表达外源基因成为可能。这就产生了用工程减毒活疫苗来表达来自外源病原体的保护性抗原的想法。天花疫苗——牛痘病毒，就被用于开创这种方法。文献中已经记录了数百种重组体，其中许多已经证明能保护动物免受相应病原体的攻击。尽管在人体和灵长类动物实验中得到了不同的结果，并且人们对与接种相关的并发症存在一些担忧，但我们对牛痘病毒基本生物学的理解的最新进展应该能够克服这些困难。无论最终是否提议在人类中使用牛痘重组体，牛痘已经被证明是一种有价值的通用表达系统，尤其对研究细胞免疫有用。在田间试验中，用表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的牛痘重组体进行的试验取得了成功，这可能导致牛痘重组体作为动物疫苗的广泛使用。因此，牛痘重组体似乎很可能继续在传染病新疫苗的开发中发挥有用的作用。
