Psychiatry Section, Department of Neurosciences, Eating Disorders Program, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
Panminerva Med. 2013 Dec;55(4):397-413.
Research investigating the relationship between mental disorders and personality traits leads to interesting results. Individuals affected by several mental disorders have been worldwide assessed according to the psychobiological model of personality. This review aims to explore which temperament and character traits are recurrent in mental disorders and to highlight what traits may be shared determinants or consequences of the expression of a mental disorder.
Systematic search of Medline database between 1998 and 2011 has been conducted to select the studies exploring the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions in the most relevant axis I psychiatric disorders. Of the 110 studies that were retrieved, 88 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were analyzed.
High HA (HA) and low self-directedness are recurrent and can be considered as a "personality core" regardless of the diagnosis. They may be risk factors and relapse-related, they can indicate incomplete remission or chronic course of mental disorders, and consistently influence patients' functioning. Furthermore, they can be modified by medications or psychotherapy and represent outcome predictors of treatments.
This "core" may represent a personality diathesis to psychopathology. Relational environment can influence the development of both temperament and character, thus prevention of mental disorders should promote a positive development of these traits. Although further research is needed, psychotherapeutic interventions should be performed also considering that mental disorders could benefit from HA desensitization and SD reinforcement. Finally, these traits may be used to provide diagnostic, prognostic, quality of life and efficacy inferences on psychiatric treatments.
研究精神障碍与人格特质之间的关系的研究得出了有趣的结果。根据人格的心理生物学模型，对世界各地患有多种精神障碍的个体进行了评估。本综述旨在探讨哪些气质和性格特征在精神障碍中反复出现，并强调哪些特征可能是精神障碍表达的共同决定因素或后果。
对 1998 年至 2011 年期间的 Medline 数据库进行了系统检索，以选择探索最相关的 I 类精神障碍中气质和性格特征的 TCI 维度的研究。从检索到的 110 项研究中，有 88 项符合纳入/排除标准并进行了分析。
高 HA（HA）和低自我导向是反复出现的，可以被认为是一种“人格核心”，而与诊断无关。它们可能是危险因素和复发相关的，它们可以指示精神障碍的不完全缓解或慢性病程，并一致影响患者的功能。此外，它们可以通过药物治疗或心理治疗来改变，并且是治疗结果的预测因素。
这种“核心”可能代表精神病理学的人格素质。人际关系环境可以影响气质和性格的发展，因此精神障碍的预防应该促进这些特征的积极发展。尽管需要进一步研究，但心理治疗干预也应该考虑到精神障碍可能受益于 HA 脱敏和 SD 强化。最后，这些特征可用于提供有关精神科治疗的诊断、预后、生活质量和疗效推断。
