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通过拟南芥中噻唑途径受阻的突变体为杂种优势模型提供了直接证据。

Direct evidence for models of heterosis provided by mutants of Arabidopsis blocked in the thiamine pathway.

机构信息

Department of Genetics, University of Missouri, Columbia.

出版信息

Theor Appl Genet. 1969 Jan;39(2):68-72. doi: 10.1007/BF00307719.

DOI:10.1007/BF00307719
PMID:24435285
Abstract

Auxotrophic mutants genetically blocked at different steps of the thiamine pathway dramatically demonstrate the biochemical mechanism of hybrid vigor due to simple and perfect dominance at two unlinked loci. Heteroallelic hybrids of mutants requiring the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine display allelic complementation and thus furnish clear biochemical and genetic evidence for the superdominance hypothesis. Hybrids of low- and high-temperature-requiring leaky mutants demonstrate that heterozygosity at a single gene locus may confer developmental homeostasis on the heteroallelic combinations superior to that of the homoallelic parents. The results of this study on the autogamous plant, Arabidopsis, and of recent reports on the outbreeding species, Drosophila, render untenable the generalization that high versus low temperature dependent heterosis is determined by the breeding system.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Auxotrophe Arabidopsis-Mutanten, bei denen verschiedene Schritte der Thiaminsynthese genetisch blockiert sind, lassen deutlich den biochemischen Mechanismus der Heterosis erkennen, der auf einfacher und völliger Dominanz in zwei ungekoppelten Loci beruht. Heteroallele Hybriden von Mutanten, die den Pyrimidinanteil des Thiamins benötigen, zeigen allele Komplementation und liefern damit den klaren biochemischen und genetischen Beweis für die Superdominanz-Hypothese. Hybriden von leaky-Mutanten, die einen niedrigen bzw. hohen Temperaturbedarf haben, zeigen, daß Heterozygotie in einem einzelnen Genlocus den heteroallelen Kombinationen eine Entwicklungshomeostasie verleihen kann, die größer als die der homoallelen Eltern ist. Die Ergebnisse unserer Untersuchungen an der autogamen Pflanze Arabidopsis und neuere Ergebnisse bei Drosophila lassen die Verallgemeinerung, daß die Art der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Heterosis durch das Zuchtsystem bestimmt wird, nicht zu.

摘要

营养缺陷型突变体在硫胺素途径的不同步骤中被基因阻断,这显著地证明了杂种优势的生化机制,这是由于两个非连锁基因座上简单而完美的显性作用。需要嘧啶部分的硫胺素的突变体的异等位杂种显示等位互补,因此为超显性假说提供了清晰的生化和遗传证据。低温和高温要求渗漏突变体的杂种表明,单个基因座的杂合性可能赋予异等位基因组合以优于同等位基因亲本的发育稳定性。对自花授粉植物拟南芥的这项研究结果和最近对异花授粉物种果蝇的报告结果,使得关于高与低温度依赖性杂种优势是由繁殖系统决定的概括变得站不住脚。

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