Pfefferbaum Betty, Weems Carl F, Scott Brandon G, Nitiéma Pascal, Noffsinger Mary A, Pfefferbaum Rose L, Varma Vandana, Chakraburtty Amarsha
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, WP 3470, P.O. Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA. Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Child Youth Care Forum. 2013 Aug 1;42(4):285-337. doi: 10.1007/s10566-013-9211-4.
A comprehensive review of the design principles and methodological approaches that have been used to make inferences from the research on disasters in children is needed.
To identify the methodological approaches used to study children's reactions to three recent major disasters-the September 11, 2001, attacks; the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; and Hurricane Katrina.
This review was guided by a systematic literature search.
A total of 165 unduplicated empirical reports were generated by the search and examined for this review. This included 83 references on September 11, 29 on the 2004 Tsunami, and 53 on Hurricane Katrina.
A diversity of methods has been brought to bear in understanding children's reactions to disasters. While cross-sectional studies predominate, pre-event data for some investigations emerged from archival data and data from studies examining non-disaster topics. The nature and extent of the influence of risk and protective variables beyond disaster exposure are not fully understood due, in part, to limitations in the study designs used in the extant research. Advancing an understanding of the roles of exposure and various individual, family, and social factors depends upon the extent to which measures and assessment techniques are valid and reliable, as well as on data sources and data collection designs. Comprehensive assessments that extend beyond questionnaires and checklists to include interviews and cognitive and biological measures to elucidate the negative and positive effects of disasters on children also may improve the knowledge base.
需要对用于从儿童灾难研究中进行推断的设计原则和方法进行全面综述。
确定用于研究儿童对最近三次重大灾难（2001年9月11日袭击事件、2004年印度洋海啸和卡特里娜飓风）反应的方法。
本综述以系统的文献检索为指导。
检索共生成165篇不重复的实证报告并纳入本综述进行审查。其中包括83篇关于9·11事件的参考文献、29篇关于2004年海啸的参考文献和53篇关于卡特里娜飓风的参考文献。
在理解儿童对灾难的反应方面采用了多种方法。虽然横断面研究占主导地位，但一些调查的事件前数据来自档案数据和研究非灾难主题的研究数据。部分由于现有研究中使用的研究设计存在局限性，灾难暴露之外的风险和保护变量的影响性质和程度尚未完全了解。增进对暴露以及各种个人、家庭和社会因素作用的理解取决于测量和评估技术的有效和可靠程度，以及数据来源和数据收集设计。超越问卷调查和清单，纳入访谈以及认知和生物学测量以阐明灾难对儿童的负面和正面影响的综合评估也可能改善知识库。
