Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Enviromental Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2014 Jan;17(1):2-6.
Gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic are relatively common in Iran. Furthermore, consumption of opium and its derivatives (O&D) are considerable. This study, aimed to examine the association between consumption of O&D and the incidence of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers.
In a matched case-control study in Kerman (located in southeast of Iran), 142 patients with UGI cancers and 284 healthy people (matched in terms of age, sex and residence (urban/rural)) were recruited. Variables (using O&D, smoking, alcohol use and diet) were collected using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the above mentioned association.
Opium use was associated with an increased risk of UGI cancers with an adjusted OR 4.0 (95% CI=2.2-7.0). A very strong dose-response relation was observed between consumption of O&D and the incidence of UGI cancers. (Three consumption levels-none, low and high; OR=18.7; 95% CI=5.5-63.3). This dose-response relationship was also strong even in patients with gastric cancers (OR=9.2; 95% CI=2.5-33.7).
The results of this study showed that opium consumption can be a strong risk factor for UGI cancers in Iran.
在伊朗，胃肠道癌症（包括食管癌、胃癌、肝癌和胰腺癌）较为常见。此外，鸦片及其衍生物（O&D）的消费也相当可观。本研究旨在探讨 O&D 的消费与上胃肠道（UGI）癌症发病率之间的关联。
在伊朗东南部克尔曼市（Kerman）进行的一项匹配病例对照研究中，招募了 142 名 UGI 癌症患者和 284 名健康人（按年龄、性别和居住地点（城市/农村）匹配）。使用结构化问卷收集变量（包括使用 O&D、吸烟、饮酒和饮食）。使用条件逻辑回归模型评估上述关联。
鸦片使用与 UGI 癌症的风险增加相关，调整后的比值比（OR）为 4.0（95%置信区间[CI]：2.2-7.0）。在 O&D 的消费与 UGI 癌症的发病率之间观察到非常强的剂量-反应关系。（三个消费水平-无、低和高；OR=18.7；95%CI=5.5-63.3）。即使在胃癌患者中，这种剂量-反应关系也很强（OR=9.2；95%CI=2.5-33.7）。
本研究结果表明，鸦片消费可能是伊朗 UGI 癌症的一个强烈危险因素。
