Akbari Morteza, Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad, Khanjani Narges, Baneshi Mohammad Reza, Kamali Elham, Hesampour Maryam, Nazemzadegan Bahman, Haghdoost Ali-Akbar
Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Physiology Research Center, Institute of Nouropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2015 Sep;18(9):567-71.
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common genitourinary system malignancy in humans. Consumption of opium and its derivatives, maybe a risk factor possibly in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumption of opium and its derivatives and the incidence of BC.
In an individually matched case-control study in Shiraz (located in the south of Iran), 198 patients with BC and 396 healthy individuals (matched in age, sex and residence (urban/rural)) were investigated. Data about consumption of opium and its derivatives, tobacco, alcohol and diet were collected using a structured valid and reliable questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were computed using conditional logistic regression models.
Opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC with an adjusted OR = 3.9 (95% CI: 1.2 - 12.0). Moreover, a considerable dose-response relationship was observed between the opium consumption and its derivatives and the incidence of BC; comparing to no users, the odds ratios of low and high consumptions were 3.3 (95% CI: 0.5 - 23.1) and 4.9 (95% CI: 1.1 - 21.9) respectively.
Opium consumption can be a potential strong risk factor for BC in Iran.
膀胱癌（BC）是人类最常见的泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤。在伊朗，食用鸦片及其衍生物可能是一个风险因素。本研究的目的是调查食用鸦片及其衍生物与膀胱癌发病率之间的关系。
在设拉子（位于伊朗南部）进行的一项个体匹配病例对照研究中，对198例膀胱癌患者和396名健康个体（在年龄、性别和居住地点（城市/农村）方面进行匹配）进行了调查。使用一份结构化的有效且可靠的问卷收集了有关鸦片及其衍生物、烟草、酒精和饮食的消费数据。使用条件逻辑回归模型计算粗比值比（OR）和调整后的比值比。
食用鸦片与膀胱癌风险增加相关，调整后的OR = 3.9（95%置信区间：1.2 - 12.0）。此外，在食用鸦片及其衍生物与膀胱癌发病率之间观察到了显著的剂量反应关系；与未使用者相比，低消费和高消费的比值比分别为3.3（95%置信区间：0.5 - 23.1）和4.9（95%置信区间：1.1 - 21.9）。
在伊朗，食用鸦片可能是膀胱癌的一个潜在强风险因素。
