Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street CSC 210, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9073, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Feb;14(2):455. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0455-z.
The global pandemic of childhood obesity has led to increased risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies have shown decreased insulin sensitivity and/or secretion with increasing adiposity and consistently observed greater risk for T2DM in obese, non-Caucasian youth. In the current review we describe recent advances in understanding how obesity and metabolic status in children and adolescents confers various risk profiles for T2DM among Latinos, African Americans, Caucasians, Asians, and Native Americans. These possible determinants include ectopic fat distribution, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and elevated plasma levels of nonesterified free fatty acids. Future work should aim to elucidate the ethnic-specific pathophysiology of T2DM in order to develop and implement appropriate prevention and treatment strategies based on different ethnic profiles of diabetes risk.
儿童肥胖的全球性流行导致了前驱糖尿病和 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）风险的增加。研究表明，随着肥胖程度的增加，胰岛素敏感性和/或分泌能力下降，并且在肥胖的非白种人群中，T2DM 的风险明显更高。在本综述中，我们描述了关于儿童和青少年肥胖和代谢状态如何导致拉丁裔、非裔美国人、白种人、亚洲人和美洲原住民的 T2DM 发生不同风险谱的最新研究进展。这些可能的决定因素包括异位脂肪分布、脂肪组织炎症和纤维化以及非酯化游离脂肪酸的血浆水平升高。未来的工作应该旨在阐明 T2DM 的特定种族的病理生理学，以便根据不同的糖尿病风险的种族特征制定和实施适当的预防和治疗策略。
