Billot Maxime, Duclay Julien, Simoneau-Buessinger Emilie M, Ballay Yves, Martin Alain
Laboratoire INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, BP 27877, F-21078, Dijon, France,
Age (Dordr). 2014 Apr;36(2):899-910. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9616-5. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
While it is often reported that muscular coactivation increases with age, the mechanical impact of antagonist muscles, i.e., the antagonist torque, remains to be assessed. The aim of this study was to determine if the mechanical impact of the antagonist muscles may contribute to the age-related decline in the resultant torque during maximal voluntary contraction in knee flexion (KF) and knee extension (KE). Eight young (19-28 years old) and eight older (62-81 years old) healthy males participated in neuromuscular testing. Maximal resultant torque was simultaneously recorded with the electromyographic activity of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. The torque recorded in the antagonist muscles was estimated using a biofeedback technique. Resultant torques significantly decreased with age in both KF (-41 %, p < 0.005) and KE (-35 %, p < 0.01). Agonist and antagonist torques were significantly reduced in KF (-44 %, p < 0.05; -57 %, p < 0.05) and in KE (-37 %, p < 0.01; -50 %, p < 0.05). The torque elicited by double twitch stimulation (-37 %, p < 0.01) and the activation level (-12 %, p < 0.05) of quadriceps was significantly lower in older men compared to young men. This study showed that antagonist torques were not responsible for age-related declines in KF and KE resultant torques. Therefore, decreased resultant torques with age, in particular in KE, can primarily be explained by impairments of the peripheral factors (excitation-contraction coupling) as well as by decreased neural agonist activation.
虽然经常有报道称肌肉共同激活会随着年龄增长而增加,但拮抗肌的机械影响,即拮抗肌扭矩,仍有待评估。本研究的目的是确定拮抗肌的机械影响是否可能导致膝关节屈曲(KF)和膝关节伸展(KE)最大自主收缩时合成扭矩随年龄增长而下降。八名年轻(19 - 28岁)和八名年长(62 - 81岁)的健康男性参与了神经肌肉测试。同时记录股四头肌和腘绳肌的肌电图活动以及最大合成扭矩。使用生物反馈技术估计拮抗肌记录的扭矩。在KF(-41%,p < 0.005)和KE(-35%,p < 0.01)中,合成扭矩均随年龄显著下降。在KF(-44%,p < 0.05;-57%,p < 0.05)和KE(-37%,p < 0.01;-50%,p < 0.05)中,主动肌和拮抗肌扭矩均显著降低。与年轻男性相比,年长男性股四头肌双脉冲刺激引发的扭矩(-37%,p < 0.01)和激活水平(-12%,p < 0.05)显著更低。本研究表明,拮抗肌扭矩并非导致KF和KE合成扭矩随年龄下降的原因。因此,合成扭矩随年龄下降,尤其是在KE中,主要可由外周因素(兴奋 - 收缩偶联)受损以及神经主动肌激活减少来解释。