Byrom Nicola C, Murphy Robin A
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford.
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2014 Apr;40(2):133-43. doi: 10.1037/xan0000012.
Though much work has studied how external factors, such as stimulus properties, influence generalization of associative strength, there has been limited exploration of the influence that internal dispositions may contribute to stimulus processing. Here we report 2 studies using a modified negative patterning discrimination to test the relationship between global processing and generalization. Global processing was associated with stronger negative patterning discrimination, indicative of limited generalization between distinct stimulus compounds and their constituent elements. In Experiment 2, participants pretrained to adopt global processing similarly showed strong negative patterning discrimination. These results demonstrate considerable individual difference in capacity to engage in negative patterning discrimination and suggest that the tendency toward global processing may be one factor explaining this variability. The need for models of learning to account for this variability in learning is discussed.
尽管已有大量研究探讨了外部因素（如刺激属性）如何影响联想强度的泛化，但对于内部倾向可能对刺激加工产生的影响，人们的探索还很有限。在此，我们报告两项研究，它们使用经过修改的负性模式辨别任务来测试整体加工与泛化之间的关系。整体加工与更强的负性模式辨别相关，这表明在不同的刺激复合物及其组成元素之间的泛化有限。在实验2中，预先接受训练以采用整体加工的参与者同样表现出很强的负性模式辨别能力。这些结果表明，在进行负性模式辨别能力方面存在相当大的个体差异，并表明整体加工倾向可能是解释这种变异性的一个因素。文中还讨论了学习模型考虑这种学习变异性的必要性。
