Maes Elisa, Vanderoost Elias, D'Hooge Rudi, De Houwer Jan, Beckers Tom
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental PsychopathologyKU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesKU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jul 28;8:1262. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01262. eCollection 2017.
In an associative patterning task, some people seem to focus more on learning an overarching rule, whereas others seem to focus on acquiring specific relations between the stimuli and outcomes involved. Building on earlier work, we further investigated which cognitive factors are involved in feature- vs. rule-based learning and generalization. To this end, we measured participants' tendency to generalize according to the rule of opposites after training on negative and positive patterning problems (i.e., A+/B+/AB- and C-/D-/CD+), their tendency to attend to global aspects or local details of stimuli, their systemizing disposition and their score on the Raven intelligence test. Our results suggest that while intelligence might have some influence on patterning learning and generalization, visual processing style and systemizing disposition do not. We discuss our findings in the light of previous observations on patterning.
在一项联想模式任务中，有些人似乎更专注于学习一个总体规则，而另一些人似乎更专注于获取所涉及的刺激与结果之间的特定关系。基于早期的研究工作，我们进一步探究了基于特征与基于规则的学习及泛化涉及哪些认知因素。为此，我们在对消极和积极模式问题（即A+/B+/AB-和C-/D-/CD+）进行训练后，测量了参与者根据对立规则进行泛化的倾向、他们关注刺激的全局方面或局部细节的倾向、他们的系统化倾向以及他们在瑞文智力测验中的得分。我们的结果表明，虽然智力可能对模式学习和泛化有一定影响，但视觉处理方式和系统化倾向并无影响。我们根据先前关于模式的观察结果来讨论我们的发现。
