School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Reproduction. 2014 Apr 8;147(5):R143-52. doi: 10.1530/REP-13-0376. Print 2014 May.
The developing fetus requires substantial amounts of fatty acids to support rapid cellular growth and activity. Although the fatty acid composition delivered to the fetus is largely determined by maternal circulating levels, the placenta preferentially transfers physiologically important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. Maternal dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy has been shown to increase gestation length, enhance fetal growth, and reduce the risk of pregnancy complications, although the precise mechanisms governing these effects remain uncertain. Omega-3 PUFAs are involved in several physiological pathways which could account for these effects, including anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving, and anti-oxidative pathways. Recent studies have shown that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation during rat pregnancy can reduce placental oxidative damage and increase placental levels of pro-resolving mediators, effects associated with enhanced fetal and placental growth. Because several placental disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, are associated with heightened placental inflammation and oxidative stress, there is considerable interest in the potential for dietary n-3 PUFAs as a therapeutic intervention for these disorders. In this study, we review the impact of dietary n-3 PUFAs on placental function, with particular focus on placental inflammation, inflammatory resolution, and oxidative stress.
发育中的胎儿需要大量的脂肪酸来支持快速的细胞生长和活动。尽管输送给胎儿的脂肪酸组成在很大程度上取决于母体循环水平，但胎盘优先转运具有生理重要性的长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA），特别是 omega-3（n-3）PUFA。在妊娠期间，母体膳食补充 n-3 PUFAs 已被证明可以增加妊娠时间、促进胎儿生长并降低妊娠并发症的风险，尽管控制这些效果的确切机制仍不确定。omega-3 PUFAs 参与了几种可能解释这些效果的生理途径，包括抗炎、促解决和抗氧化途径。最近的研究表明，在妊娠大鼠中补充 n-3 PUFAs 可以减少胎盘氧化损伤并增加胎盘促解决介质的水平，这些效果与增强胎儿和胎盘生长有关。由于几种胎盘疾病，如宫内生长受限、子痫前期和妊娠期糖尿病，与胎盘炎症和氧化应激增加有关，因此人们对 n-3 PUFAs 作为这些疾病的治疗干预措施的潜力产生了浓厚的兴趣。在这项研究中，我们回顾了膳食 n-3 PUFAs 对胎盘功能的影响，特别关注胎盘炎症、炎症解决和氧化应激。
