Kim Hoon, Suh Hyung Joo, Kang Choong-Min, Lee Kyung-Haeng, Hwang Jong-Hyun, Yu Kwang-Won
1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.
J Med Food. 2014 Jan;17(1):150-60. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3063.
Fresh ginseng was fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (GL) in solid-state culture to enhance its immunomodulatory activity. When crude polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP) was fractionated from lyophilized fermented ginseng (FG-GL), FG-GL-CP showed significantly higher mitogenic, macrophage stimulating, and intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.52-, 1.52- and 1.46-fold, respectively) than those of crude polysaccharide from nonfermented ginseng (NG-CP, 1.36-, 1.37- and 1.32-fold) and G. lucidum mycelium alone (GL-CP, 1.48-, 1.40- and 1.31-fold). After FG-GL-CP was further fractionated into two active carbohydrate-rich fractions (FG-GL-CP-II and III) on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B (Cl⁻ form), the most active polysaccharide (FG-GL-CP-III-1) was purified as a single peak with a molecular weight of 71 kDa. FG-GL-CP-III-1 mainly consists of Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc (molar ratio: 0.85:1.00:0.81:0.76) in addition to a small amount of uronic acid. Methylation analysis indicates that FG-GL-CP-III-1 is composed mainly of terminal/4- or 5-linked Ara(f), terminal/4-linked Man, terminal/3,6-branched Gal, and terminal/4-linked Glc. NaIO₄ oxidation of FG-GL-CP-III significantly decreased its activity (64.0-79.2%). These results suggest that solid-state culture of ginseng with G. lucidum may enhance the immunomodulatory activity and that neutral polysaccharides containing Ara, Man, Gal, and Glc may be important for the activity of fermented ginseng.
新鲜人参与灵芝菌丝体（GL）进行固态发酵以增强其免疫调节活性。从冻干发酵人参（FG-GL）中分离出粗多糖（FG-GL-CP）时，FG-GL-CP的促有丝分裂、刺激巨噬细胞和调节肠道免疫系统的活性（分别为1.52倍、1.52倍和1.46倍）显著高于未发酵人参的粗多糖（NG-CP，分别为1.36倍、1.37倍和1.32倍）以及单独的灵芝菌丝体（GL-CP，分别为1.48倍、1.40倍和1.31倍）。在DEAE-琼脂糖CL-6B（Cl⁻形式）上，将FG-GL-CP进一步分离为两个富含活性碳水化合物的组分（FG-GL-CP-II和III）后，最具活性的多糖（FG-GL-CP-III-1）被纯化为一个单一峰，分子量为71 kDa。FG-GL-CP-III-1除含有少量糖醛酸外，主要由阿拉伯糖（Ara）、甘露糖（Man）、半乳糖（Gal）和葡萄糖（Glc）组成（摩尔比：0.85:1.00:0.81:0.76）。甲基化分析表明，FG-GL-CP-III-1主要由末端/4-或5-连接的阿拉伯糖（Ara(f)）、末端/4-连接的甘露糖、末端/3,6-分支的半乳糖和末端/4-连接的葡萄糖组成。FG-GL-CP-III经高碘酸钠氧化后其活性显著降低（64.0 - 79.2%）。这些结果表明，人参与灵芝的固态发酵可能增强免疫调节活性，且含有Ara、Man、Gal和Glc的中性多糖可能对发酵人参的活性很重要。
