Zhang Xiaoling, Miao Qin, Pan Chengxue, Yin Jia, Wang Leli, Qu Lingbo, Yin Yulong, Wei Yongjun
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.
Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.
Imeta. 2023 Feb 19;2(2):e93. doi: 10.1002/imt2.93. eCollection 2023 May.
Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been used to cure diseases for thousands of years. However, the bioactive ingredients of CHM are complex, and some CHM natural products cannot be directly absorbed by humans and animals. Moreover, the contents of most bioactive ingredients in CHM are low, and some natural products are toxic to humans and animals. Fermentation of CHM could enhance CHM bioactivities and decrease the potential toxicities. The compositions and functions of the microorganisms play essential roles in CHM fermentation, which can affect the fermentation metabolites and pharmaceutical activities of the final fermentation products. During CHM fermentation, probiotics not only increase the contents of bioactive natural products, but also are beneficial for the host gut microbiota and immune system. This review summarizes the advantages of fermentation of CHM using probiotics, fermentation techniques, probiotic strains, and future development for CHM fermentation. Cutting-edge microbiome and synthetic biology tools would harness microbial cell factories to produce large amounts of bioactive natural products derived from CHM with low-cost, which would help speed up modern CHM biomanufacturing.
中草药已被用于治疗疾病数千年。然而，中草药的生物活性成分复杂，一些中草药天然产物不能被人和动物直接吸收。此外，中草药中大多数生物活性成分的含量较低，一些天然产物对人和动物有毒。中草药发酵可以增强其生物活性并降低潜在毒性。微生物的组成和功能在中草药发酵中起着至关重要的作用，这会影响最终发酵产物的发酵代谢物和药用活性。在中草药发酵过程中，益生菌不仅增加了生物活性天然产物的含量，而且对宿主肠道微生物群和免疫系统有益。本文综述了利用益生菌发酵中草药的优势、发酵技术、益生菌菌株以及中草药发酵的未来发展。前沿的微生物组和合成生物学工具将利用微生物细胞工厂低成本生产大量源自中草药的生物活性天然产物，这将有助于加快现代中草药生物制造的进程。
