Sivri Calliopi, Lazuras Lambros, Rodafinos Angelos, Eiser John Richard
Department of Psychology, International Faculty of the University of Sheffield, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013 Dec;26(6):940-8. doi: 10.2478/s13382-013-0166-3. Epub 2014 Jan 25.
Non-smoker employees can significantly improve the existing smoke-free policies in the workplace by asserting their right for smoke-free air and confronting smoker colleagues. The aim of the study was to assess the psychological and social drivers of non-smokers' readiness to assert their right for smoke-free air in the workplace.
Twenty-six small-and-medium enterprises (SME) with diverse background were randomly selected, and 284 employees agreed to participate in the study. Our study focused on the responses of 85 non-smokers (M age = 34 years, SD = 7.98, 84.2% worked in indoor offices). A cross-sectional design was used and participants completed a structured anonymous questionnaire assessing background and demographic characteristics, and psychosocial predictors of assertiveness intentions.
Although more than half of non-smokers reported they were often/almost always bothered by exposure to SHS, roughly one third of them reported having asked their colleagues not to smoke at work. Regression analysis showed that the effects of distal predictors (i.e. annoyance due to SHS exposure) were mediated by past behaviour, attitudes (protection motivation beliefs), social norms, and self-efficacy.
Health beliefs related to SHS exposure, and concerns about workplace health and job performance, social norms and self-efficacy can increase the assertiveness of non-smokers in workplace settings. Related campaigns should focus on communicating normative messages and self-efficacy training to empower non-smoker employees to act assertively towards protecting their smoke-free rights.
不吸烟的员工可以通过维护其享有无烟空气的权利并与吸烟的同事对峙，显著改善工作场所现有的无烟政策。本研究的目的是评估非吸烟者在工作场所维护其享有无烟空气权利的心理和社会驱动因素。
随机选择了26家背景各异的中小企业（SME），284名员工同意参与研究。我们的研究重点是85名非吸烟者的反应（年龄中位数=34岁，标准差=7.98，84.2%在室内办公室工作）。采用横断面设计，参与者完成了一份结构化匿名问卷，评估背景和人口统计学特征以及自信意图的心理社会预测因素。
虽然超过一半的非吸烟者报告说他们经常/几乎总是受到二手烟暴露的困扰，但其中约三分之一的人报告说曾要求同事在工作时不要吸烟。回归分析表明，远端预测因素（即因二手烟暴露而产生的烦恼）的影响是通过过去的行为、态度（保护动机信念）、社会规范和自我效能感来介导的。
与二手烟暴露相关的健康信念、对工作场所健康和工作表现的担忧、社会规范和自我效能感可以增强非吸烟者在工作场所环境中的自信。相关活动应侧重于传达规范性信息和进行自我效能感培训，以使不吸烟的员工有信心采取行动保护自己的无烟权利。
