Heisz Jennifer J, Vandermorris Susan, Wu Johnny, McIntosh Anthony R, Ryan Jennifer D
Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University.
Baycrest Health Sciences.
Health Psychol. 2015 Jan;34(1):83-8. doi: 10.1037/hea0000046. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
Physical and sociocognitive lifestyle activities promote aspects of cognitive function in older adults. Very little is known about the relation between these lifestyle activities and cognitive function in young adults. One aspect of cognitive function that is critical for everyday function is episodic memory. The present study examined the relationship between lifestyle activities and episodic memory in younger and older adults.
Participants were 62 younger (mean age = 24 years) and older adults (mean age = 74 years). The augmented Victoria Longitudinal Study Activities Questionnaire was used to quantify level of engagement in physical activity, sociocognitive activity, and TV viewing. Episodic memory was assessed using the old-new face recognition paradigm in which memory for younger and older faces was tested.
Compared to younger adults, older adults reported being less physically and sociocognitively active while engaging in more passive behaviors such as TV viewing. A positive association was observed between physical activity and episodic memory for young adults but not for older adults. Interestingly, TV viewing was negatively associated with episodic memory in older adults but not younger adults. No relationship was found between sociocognitive activity and episodic memory for either younger or older adults. Although the own-age effect was observed for older adults, face age did not interact with lifestyle activities.
The positive cognitive benefits of physical activity extend to younger adults; however, the interplay between physical activity and cognition may differ across the life span. Furthermore, TV viewing may be particularly detrimental to cognitive performance later in life.
身体活动和社会认知生活方式活动可促进老年人认知功能的各个方面。对于这些生活方式活动与年轻人认知功能之间的关系，人们知之甚少。情景记忆是认知功能中对日常功能至关重要的一个方面。本研究考察了年轻人和老年人生活方式活动与情景记忆之间的关系。
参与者为62名年轻人（平均年龄 = 24岁）和老年人（平均年龄 = 74岁）。使用增强版维多利亚纵向研究活动问卷来量化身体活动、社会认知活动和看电视的参与程度。采用新旧面孔识别范式评估情景记忆，其中测试了对年轻面孔和老年面孔的记忆。
与年轻人相比，老年人报告称身体和社会认知活动较少，而更多地参与看电视等被动行为。观察到年轻人的身体活动与情景记忆呈正相关，而老年人则不然。有趣的是，看电视与老年人的情景记忆呈负相关，而与年轻人无关。在年轻人和老年人中，均未发现社会认知活动与情景记忆之间存在关系。尽管在老年人中观察到了年龄效应，但面孔年龄与生活方式活动之间没有相互作用。
身体活动对认知的积极益处延伸至年轻人；然而，身体活动与认知之间的相互作用可能在整个生命周期中有所不同。此外，看电视可能对晚年的认知表现特别有害。
