Wu Xiaogang, Song Xi
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Shanghai University, China.
University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
Soc Sci Res. 2014 Mar;44:158-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.12.002. Epub 2013 Dec 15.
This paper analyzes a sample from the 2005 mini-census of Xinjiang to examine ethnic stratification in China's labor markets, with a special focus on how ethnic earnings inequality varies by employment sector. We show that Han and Uyghur Chinese dominated different economic sectors. Excluding those in agriculture, Uyghurs were more likely to work in government or institutions than either Han locals or migrants, and also more likely to become self-employed. The Han-Uyghur earnings gap was negligible within government/public institutions, but increased with the marketization of the employment sector. It was the largest among the self-employed, followed by employees in private enterprises and then employees in public enterprises. Han migrants in economic sectors enjoyed particular earnings advantages and hukou registration status had no impact on earnings attainment except in government/public institutions. These findings have important implications for understanding social and economic sources of increasing ethnic conflicts in Xinjiang in recent years.
本文分析了2005年新疆小型人口普查的一个样本，以研究中国劳动力市场中的民族分层，特别关注民族收入不平等如何因就业部门而异。我们发现汉族和维吾尔族主导着不同的经济部门。除农业从业者外，维吾尔族比汉族本地人和汉族外来务工人员更有可能在政府或事业单位工作，也更有可能自主创业。在政府/公共机构内部，汉族和维吾尔族的收入差距微不足道，但随着就业部门的市场化，这一差距有所扩大。在自主创业者中差距最大，其次是民营企业员工，然后是国有企业员工。经济部门中的汉族外来务工人员享有特殊的收入优势，除了在政府/公共机构外，户口登记状况对收入获取没有影响。这些发现对于理解近年来新疆民族冲突不断增加的社会和经济根源具有重要意义。
