He Guangye, Wu Xiaogang
Department of Sociology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, China; Division of Social Science, Center for Applied Social and Economic Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Division of Social Science, Center for Applied Social and Economic Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Soc Sci Res. 2017 Jul;65:96-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 9.
This article analyzes a large sample of the 2005 population mini-census data and prefecture-level statistics of China to investigate gender earnings inequality in the context of economic marketization, paying special attention to the changing role of occupational segregation in the process. We approximate marketization by employment sectors and also construct an index of marketization at the prefecture level. Results show that, despite the tremendous economic growth, marketization has exacerbated gender earnings inequality in urban China's labor markets. Gender earnings inequality is the smallest in government/public institutions, followed by public enterprises, and then private enterprises. The gender inequality also increases with the prefecture's level of marketization. Multilevel analyses show that occupational segregation plays an important role in affecting gender earnings inequality: the greater the occupational segregation, the more disadvantaged women are relative to men in earnings in a prefecture's labor market. Moreover, the impact of occupational segregation on gender earnings inequality increases with the prefectural level of marketization. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of gender earnings inequality and have important implications for policy to promote gender equality in urban China.
本文分析了2005年中国人口抽样普查的大量样本数据以及地级市统计数据，以研究经济市场化背景下的性别收入不平等问题，特别关注职业隔离在此过程中不断变化的作用。我们通过就业部门来估算市场化程度，并构建了地级市层面的市场化指数。结果显示，尽管经济实现了巨大增长，但市场化加剧了中国城市劳动力市场中的性别收入不平等。性别收入不平等在政府/公共机构中最小，其次是国有企业，然后是民营企业。性别不平等也随着地级市的市场化水平而增加。多层次分析表明，职业隔离在影响性别收入不平等方面发挥着重要作用：职业隔离程度越高，在地级市劳动力市场中女性在收入方面相对于男性就越处于劣势。此外，职业隔离对性别收入不平等的影响随着地级市的市场化水平而增加。这些发现有助于理解性别收入不平等的动态变化，并对促进中国城市性别平等的政策具有重要意义。
