aSection of Biosurgery & Surgical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital bSection of Computational and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014 Mar;30(2):196-207. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000036.
Metabolic profiling technologies provide a global overview of complex dietary processes. Metabonomic analytical approaches have now been translated into multiple areas of clinical nutritional research based on the widespread adoption of high-throughput mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This has generated novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that shape the microbiome-dietary-chronic disease axis.
Metabolome-wide association studies have created a new paradigm in nutritional molecular epidemiology and they have highlighted the importance of gut microbial cometabolic processes in the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Targeted analyses are helping to explain the mechanisms by which high-risk diets (such as red meat) modulate disease risk and they are generating novel biomarkers that will serve to re-define how the efficacy of nutritional interventions is assessed. Nutritional metabonome-microbiome interactions have also been defined in extreme dietary states such as obesity and starvation, and they also serve as important models for understanding how the gut microbiome modifies disease risk. Finally, nutritional systems medicine approaches are creating novel insights into the functional components of our diet, and the mechanisms by which they cause disease.
Diet is an important modulator of the human metabolic phenotype and the analysis of the nutritional metabolome will drive future development of personalized nutritional interventions.
代谢组学技术提供了对复杂饮食过程的全面概述。基于高通量质谱和质子核磁共振波谱的广泛应用，代谢组学分析方法已被应用于多个临床营养研究领域，这为解析微生物组-饮食-慢性疾病轴的分子机制提供了新的视角。
全代谢组关联研究为营养分子流行病学创造了新的范例，它们强调了肠道微生物共代谢过程在心血管疾病和糖尿病发展中的重要性。靶向分析有助于解释高危饮食（如红肉）如何调节疾病风险，它们还产生了新的生物标志物，将重新定义如何评估营养干预的效果。在肥胖和饥饿等极端饮食状态下，营养代谢组-微生物组的相互作用也已被定义，它们也是了解肠道微生物如何改变疾病风险的重要模型。最后，营养系统医学方法为我们饮食中的功能性成分以及它们导致疾病的机制提供了新的见解。
饮食是人类代谢表型的重要调节剂，对营养代谢组的分析将推动个性化营养干预措施的未来发展。
