Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester Medical School Manchester, UK.
Front Psychol. 2014 Jan 24;5:8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00008. eCollection 2014.
Freud proposed that the processes which occurred in the primal horde are essential for understanding superego formation and therefore, the successful dissolution of the Oedipus complex. However, Freud theorized superego formation in the primal horde as if it is an instant, all-or-none achievement. The present paper proposes an alternative model aiming to explain gradual development of superego in the primitive man. The proposed model is built on knowledge from evolutionary and neural sciences as well as anthropology, and it particularly focuses on the evolutionary significance of the acquisition of fire by hominids in the Pleistocene period in the light of up-to-date archaeological findings. Acquisition of fire is discussed as a form of sublimation which might have helped Prehistoric man to maximize the utility of limited evolutionary biological resources, potentially contributing to the rate and extent of bodily evolution. The limitations of both Freud's original conceptualization and the present model are discussed accordingly in an interdisciplinary framework.
弗洛伊德提出，原始部落中发生的过程对于理解超我形成，因此，对于成功解决俄狄浦斯情结至关重要。然而，弗洛伊德将原始部落中超我形成的理论化，就好像它是一个瞬间的、全有或全无的成就。本文提出了一个替代模型，旨在解释原始人中超我的逐渐发展。所提出的模型建立在进化和神经科学以及人类学的知识基础上，特别关注更新的考古发现，探讨了更新世人类获得火的进化意义。获得火被讨论为一种升华形式，这可能帮助史前人类最大限度地利用有限的进化生物资源，潜在地促进身体进化的速度和程度。在跨学科框架内相应地讨论了弗洛伊德最初概念化和当前模型的局限性。
