Evaluation of an HIV adherence counseling program in La Romana, Dominican Republic.

Research has demonstrated that adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in lower rates of morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection, yet adherence remains a challenge in resource-limited settings like the Dominican Republic. Clinica de Familia La Romana addressed this problem with an education-based adherence program for adult patients new to ART, and this retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of this intervention. Appointment adherence and biological markers were assessed in cases and controls through 12 months. A total of 101 participants were included, with 61 controls and 40 cases. The baseline CD4 count was 162 and 157 cells/mm3 in controls and cases, respectively. Cases showed a 15-fold increase in CD4 count compared with a 2.5-fold increase in controls. Cases were more likelyto adhere to appointments with adherence rates of 86% versus 76% in controls. There was no difference between the rates of treatment abandonment, transfer of care, or death.