CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, Portugal.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2014 Jul;38(4):761-78. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12062. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
Water is one of the most important bacterial habitats on Earth. As such, water represents also a major way of dissemination of bacteria between different environmental compartments. Human activities led to the creation of the so-called urban water cycle, comprising different sectors (waste, surface, drinking water), among which bacteria can hypothetically be exchanged. Therefore, bacteria can be mobilized between unclean water habitats (e.g. wastewater) and clean or pristine water environments (e.g. disinfected and spring drinking water) and eventually reach humans. In addition, bacteria can also transfer mobile genetic elements between different water types, other environments (e.g. soil) and humans. These processes may involve antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. In this review, the hypothesis that some bacteria may share different water compartments and be also hosted by humans is discussed based on the comparison of the bacterial diversity in different types of water and with the human-associated microbiome. The role of such bacteria as potential disseminators of antibiotic resistance and the inference that currently only a small fraction of the clinically relevant antibiotic resistome may be known is discussed.
水是地球上最重要的细菌栖息地之一。因此，水也是细菌在不同环境隔间之间传播的主要途径。人类活动导致了所谓的城市水循环的产生，其中包括不同的部分（废水、地表水、饮用水），细菌可以在这些部分之间进行假设的交换。因此，细菌可以在不洁的水栖息地（例如废水）和清洁或原始的水环境（例如消毒和泉水饮用水）之间被动员起来，并最终到达人类。此外，细菌还可以在不同类型的水、其他环境（例如土壤）和人类之间转移移动遗传元件。这些过程可能涉及抗生素耐药细菌和抗生素耐药基因。在这篇综述中，根据不同类型水和人类相关微生物组中细菌多样性的比较，讨论了一些细菌可能共享不同的水隔间并被人类宿主的假设。讨论了这些细菌作为抗生素耐药性潜在传播者的作用，以及推断目前仅了解临床相关抗生素抗性组的一小部分的情况。
