Hartleben Björn, Wanner Nicola, Huber Tobias B
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
Semin Nephrol. 2014 Jan;34(1):42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.11.007. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
Glomerular filtration coupled to tubular reabsorption was the prerequisite for one of the most important milestones in evolution, when animals made their way from water onto land. To fulfill the enormous filtration task the filter is composed of the most sophisticated postmitotic epithelial cells--the podocytes, which have only a very limited ability to regenerate. Podocyte injury and loss owing to genetic, toxic, immunologic, or metabolic insults underlie the most common glomerular diseases. Thus, the understanding of the factors and mechanisms that help to maintain podocytes are of major clinical importance. Recently, autophagy emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate unwanted cytoplasmic materials, thereby preventing cellular damage and stress to safeguard long-lived podocytes. Here, we highlight the accumulating evidence suggesting that autophagy plays a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes during glomerular disease and aging.
肾小球滤过与肾小管重吸收相结合是动物从水生向陆生这一进化过程中最重要的里程碑之一的先决条件。为了完成巨大的滤过任务，滤过器由最复杂的有丝分裂后上皮细胞——足细胞组成，足细胞的再生能力非常有限。由于遗传、毒性、免疫或代谢损伤导致的足细胞损伤和丢失是最常见肾小球疾病的基础。因此，了解有助于维持足细胞的因素和机制具有重要的临床意义。最近，自噬作为一种关键机制出现，用于清除不需要的细胞质物质，从而防止细胞损伤和应激，以保护长寿的足细胞。在这里，我们强调越来越多的证据表明，自噬在肾小球疾病和衰老过程中足细胞的稳态中起关键作用。
