Johnson S J, O'Connor E M, Jacobs S, Hassell K, Ashcroft D M
Organisational Psychology, Manchester Business School, Booth Street East, Manchester M15 6PB, UK.
Organisational Psychology, Manchester Business School, Booth Street East, Manchester M15 6PB, UK.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2014 Nov-Dec;10(6):885-895. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.12.003. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
Changes in the UK community pharmacy profession including new contractual frameworks, expansion of services, and increasing levels of workload have prompted concerns about rising levels of workplace stress and overload. This has implications for pharmacist health and well-being and the occurrence of errors that pose a risk to patient safety. Despite these concerns being voiced in the profession, few studies have explored work stress in the community pharmacy context.
To investigate work-related stress among UK community pharmacists and to explore its relationships with pharmacists' psychological and physical well-being, and the occurrence of self-reported dispensing errors and detection of prescribing errors.
A cross-sectional postal survey of a random sample of practicing community pharmacists (n = 903) used ASSET (A Shortened Stress Evaluation Tool) and questions relating to self-reported involvement in errors. Stress data were compared to general working population norms, and regressed on well-being and self-reported errors.
Analysis of the data revealed that pharmacists reported significantly higher levels of workplace stressors than the general working population, with concerns about work-life balance, the nature of the job, and work relationships being the most influential on health and well-being. Despite this, pharmacists were not found to report worse health than the general working population. Self-reported error involvement was linked to both high dispensing volume and being troubled by perceived overload (dispensing errors), and resources and communication (detection of prescribing errors).
This study contributes to the literature by benchmarking community pharmacists' health and well-being, and investigating sources of stress using a quantitative approach. A further important contribution to the literature is the identification of a quantitative link between high workload and self-reported dispensing errors.
英国社区药房行业的变化，包括新的合同框架、服务扩展和工作量增加，引发了对工作场所压力和负担不断上升的担忧。这对药剂师的健康和福祉以及可能危及患者安全的错误发生率都有影响。尽管该行业已表达了这些担忧，但很少有研究探讨社区药房环境中的工作压力。
调查英国社区药房药剂师的工作相关压力，并探讨其与药剂师心理和身体健康、自我报告的配药错误发生率以及处方错误检测之间的关系。
对随机抽取的执业社区药剂师样本（n = 903）进行横断面邮寄调查，使用ASSET（一种简化的压力评估工具）以及与自我报告的错误参与情况相关的问题。将压力数据与一般工作人群的标准进行比较，并对健康状况和自我报告的错误进行回归分析。
数据分析显示，药剂师报告的工作场所压力源水平显著高于一般工作人群，对工作与生活平衡、工作性质和工作关系的担忧对健康和福祉影响最大。尽管如此，未发现药剂师的健康状况比一般工作人群更差。自我报告的错误参与与高配药量以及因感知到的工作负担过重而困扰（配药错误）、资源和沟通（处方错误检测）有关。
本研究通过对社区药剂师的健康和福祉进行基准评估，并采用定量方法调查压力来源，为该领域的文献做出了贡献。对文献的另一个重要贡献是确定了高工作量与自我报告的配药错误之间的定量联系。
