Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, P.O. Box 32,1, Muscat 100, Oman; Centre for Environmental Strategy, Faculty of Engineering Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7JH, UK.
Centre for Environmental Strategy, Faculty of Engineering Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7JH, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Apr 1;476-477:505-12. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.040. Epub 2014 Feb 1.
In a study of pesticide use on farms in Oman, over 200 respondents were surveyed from amongst owners of and workers on farms that belonged to a Farmers' Association (FA) and those that did not belong to the FA. A questionnaire was used to gauge attitudes to pesticide use whilst inventories of active ingredients were taken for all farms. The age profiles of the respondents were broadly similar, as was the distribution of nationalities amongst the workers. Workers and owners of FA farms were better educated than respondents from non-member farms. A majority of non-FA farm workers reported that they always used pesticides, fewer FA member farm workers and non-FA farm owners reported this behaviour with FA owners showing the lowest proportion of respondents who always used pesticides. Responses amongst farm owners to questions about frequency of pesticide use suggested that this was unaffected by age or education status, but for farm workers younger or less well educated respondents were more likely to respond by indicating that pesticides were always used. When asked to rate pesticides on a scale of 1 (bad) to 10 (good), high responses were most frequent amongst non-FA farm workers followed by FA member farm workers and non-FA farm owners. On average FA farm owners had the lowest average response, and responses by all groups were unaffected by age or education status. Prohibited pesticide use was higher on non-FA farms (4.9% of all pesticides) than on FA farms (1.3%). Pesticide products observed on FA member farms generally contained newer classes of active ingredients and were most frequently from major manufacturing companies in Europe, North America and Japan. Older, off-patent active ingredient-containing products were frequently observed on non-FA farms, often from so-called 'me-too' producing companies in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa.
在阿曼的一项农场农药使用研究中，从属于农民协会（FA）和不属于 FA 的农场的所有者和工人中调查了 200 多名受访者。使用问卷来衡量对农药使用的态度，同时对所有农场的活性成分进行库存盘点。受访者的年龄分布大致相似，工人的国籍分布也相似。FA 农场的工人和所有者比非会员农场的受访者受教育程度更高。大多数非 FA 农场工人报告说他们总是使用农药，较少的 FA 成员农场工人和非 FA 农场所有者报告了这种行为，FA 所有者表现出总是使用农药的受访者比例最低。农场所有者对农药使用频率的问题的回答表明，这不受年龄或教育程度的影响，但对于年龄较小或教育程度较低的农场工人，他们更有可能回答说总是使用农药。当被要求在 1（差）到 10（好）的范围内对农药进行评分时，非 FA 农场工人的高反应最频繁，其次是 FA 成员农场工人和非 FA 农场所有者。平均而言，FA 农场所有者的平均反应最低，所有群体的反应都不受年龄或教育程度的影响。非 FA 农场（所有农药的 4.9%）禁止使用农药的情况高于 FA 农场（1.3%）。在 FA 成员农场观察到的农药产品通常含有更新的活性成分类别，并且最常来自欧洲、北美和日本的主要制造公司。在非 FA 农场经常观察到较旧的、非专利的含有活性成分的产品，这些产品通常来自亚洲、中东和北非的所谓“me-too”生产公司。
