Mundt Christopher C
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA.
Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Oct;27:446-55. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.011. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
This review briefly addresses what has been learned about resistance durability in recent years, as well as the questions that still remain. Molecular analyses of major gene interactions have potential to contribute to both breeding for resistance and improved understanding of virulence impacts on pathogen fitness. Though the molecular basis of quantitative resistance is less clear, substantial evidence has accumulated for the relative simplicity of inheritance. There is increasing evidence for specific interactions with quantitative resistance, though implications of this for durability are still unknown. Mechanisms by which resistance gene pyramids contribute to durability remain elusive, though ideas have been generated for identifying gene combinations that may be more durable. Though cultivar mixtures and related approaches have been used successfully, identifying the diseases and conditions that are most conducive to the use of diversity has been surprisingly difficult, and the selective influence of diversity on pathogen populations is complex. The importance of considering resistance durability in a landscape context has received increasing emphasis and is an important future area of research. Experimental systems are being developed to test resistance gene deployment strategies that previously could be addressed only with logic and observation. The value of molecular markers for identifying and pyramiding major genes is quite clear, but the successful use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for marker-assisted selection of quantitative resistance will depend greatly on the degree to which the identified QTL are expressed in different genetic backgrounds. Transgenic approaches will likely provide opportunities for control of some recalcitrant pathogens, though issues of durability for transgenes are likely to be no different than other genes for resistance. The need for high quality phenotypic analysis and screening methodologies is a priority, and field-based studies are likely to remain of signal importance in the foreseeable future.
本综述简要介绍了近年来在抗性持久性方面所学到的知识以及仍然存在的问题。对主要基因相互作用的分子分析有潜力为抗性育种以及更好地理解毒力对病原体适应性的影响做出贡献。尽管数量抗性的分子基础尚不清楚，但关于其遗传相对简单性的大量证据已经积累起来。越来越多的证据表明数量抗性存在特定的相互作用，尽管其对持久性的影响仍不明确。抗性基因聚合体有助于持久性的机制仍然难以捉摸，不过已经提出了一些想法来识别可能更持久的基因组合。尽管品种混合及相关方法已成功应用，但确定最有利于利用多样性的病害和条件却出人意料地困难，而且多样性对病原体群体的选择影响很复杂。在景观背景下考虑抗性持久性的重要性日益受到重视，这是未来一个重要的研究领域。正在开发实验系统来测试抗性基因部署策略，这些策略以前只能通过逻辑推理和观察来解决。用于识别和聚合主要基因的分子标记的价值相当明确，但数量性状位点（QTL）在标记辅助选择数量抗性方面的成功应用将在很大程度上取决于所鉴定的QTL在不同遗传背景中的表达程度。转基因方法可能为控制一些顽固病原体提供机会，尽管转基因的持久性问题可能与其他抗性基因没有什么不同。高质量表型分析和筛选方法的需求是当务之急，在可预见的未来基于田间的研究可能仍然具有至关重要的意义。
