Fagundes Danny Laura Gomes, França Eduardo Luzía, Morceli Glilciane, Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha, Calderon Iracema de Mattos Paranhos, Honorio-França Adenilda Cristina
Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology of Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Prof. Montenegro Bairro: Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/n, 78600-000 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:590190. doi: 10.1155/2013/590190. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
Immune response changes induced by diabetes are a risk factor for infections during pregnancy and may modify the development of the newborn's immune system. The present study analyzed colostrum and maternal and cord blood of diabetic women to determine (1) the levels of the cytokines IFN- γ and TGF- β and (2) phagocytic activity after incubation with cytokines. Methods. Colostrum and maternal and cord blood samples were classified into normoglycemic (N = 20) and diabetic (N = 19) groups. Cytokine levels, superoxide release, rate of phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and intracellular Ca(2+) release by phagocytes were analyzed in the samples. Irrespective of glycemic status, IFN- γ and TGF- β levels were not changed in colostrum and maternal and cord blood. In maternal blood and colostrum, superoxide release by cytokine-stimulated phagocytes was similar between the groups. Compared to spontaneous release, superoxide release was stimulated by IFN- γ and TGF- β in normoglycemic and diabetic groups. In the diabetic group, cord blood phagocytes incubated with IFN- γ exhibited higher phagocytic activity in response to EPEC, and maternal blood exhibited lower microbicidal activity. These data suggest that diabetes interferes in maternal immunological parameters and that IFN- γ and TGF- β modulate the functional activity of phagocytes in the colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood of pregnant diabetic women.
糖尿病引起的免疫反应变化是孕期感染的一个风险因素，并且可能会改变新生儿免疫系统的发育。本研究分析了糖尿病女性的初乳、母体血液和脐带血，以确定：（1）细胞因子IFN-γ和TGF-β的水平；（2）与细胞因子孵育后的吞噬活性。方法：将初乳、母体血液和脐带血样本分为血糖正常组（N = 20）和糖尿病组（N = 19）。分析样本中的细胞因子水平、超氧化物释放、吞噬率、杀菌活性以及吞噬细胞的细胞内Ca(2+)释放。无论血糖状态如何，初乳、母体血液和脐带血中的IFN-γ和TGF-β水平均未改变。在母体血液和初乳中，细胞因子刺激的吞噬细胞的超氧化物释放在两组之间相似。与自发释放相比，血糖正常组和糖尿病组中IFN-γ和TGF-β均刺激了超氧化物释放。在糖尿病组中，用IFN-γ孵育的脐带血吞噬细胞对肠致病性大肠杆菌表现出更高的吞噬活性，而母体血液表现出较低的杀菌活性。这些数据表明，糖尿病会干扰母体免疫参数，并且IFN-γ和TGF-β会调节妊娠糖尿病女性初乳、母体血液和脐带血中吞噬细胞的功能活性。
