Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Hospital Sofia Feldman, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 20;13:910807. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910807. eCollection 2022.
Breast milk is considered a complete food for babies. Up to 7 days postpartum, it is known as colostrum, rich in immunological compounds, responsible for providing nutrition and ensuring immune protection. However, some maternal factors, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can change the concentration of bioactive compounds present in the colostrum and may affect the development of the newborn's immune system. The effect of GDM on colostrum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors is not well described. Thus, the present study evaluated whether the occurrence of GDM changes the concentration of biomarkers in the colostrum. A cross-sectional study was carried out on postpartum women who had healthy pregnancies and women who had been diagnosed with GDM. A sample of colostrum was collected for Luminex analysis. Our results showed that GDM mothers had higher secretion of cytokines and chemokines in the colostrum, with a higher concentration of IFN-g, IL-6, and IL-15, and a lower concentration of IL-1ra. Among growth factors, we identified a decreased concentration of GM-CSF in the colostrum of GDM mothers. Thus, the data obtained support the idea that the disease leads to immune alterations in the colostrum.
母乳被认为是婴儿的完全食物。产后 7 天内，它被称为初乳，富含免疫化合物，负责提供营养并确保免疫保护。然而，一些产妇因素，如妊娠期糖尿病（GDM），会改变初乳中生物活性化合物的浓度，并可能影响新生儿免疫系统的发育。GDM 对初乳细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子的影响尚未得到很好的描述。因此，本研究评估了 GDM 的发生是否会改变初乳中生物标志物的浓度。对患有健康妊娠和 GDM 的产后妇女进行了横断面研究。收集初乳样本进行 Luminex 分析。我们的结果表明，GDM 母亲的初乳中细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌更高，IFN-g、IL-6 和 IL-15 的浓度更高，而 IL-1ra 的浓度更低。在生长因子中，我们发现 GDM 母亲的初乳中 GM-CSF 的浓度降低。因此，获得的数据支持这样一种观点，即该疾病导致初乳中的免疫改变。
