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本文引用的文献

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Opioid Imaging.阿片类成像
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Neurological aspects of opium addiction in imprisoned women.被监禁女性鸦片成瘾的神经学方面
Addict Biol. 1998 Jul;3(3):315-9. doi: 10.1080/13556219872128.
3
Effect of smoking cessation on the microbial flora.戒烟对微生物群落的影响。
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Feb;133(2):135-8. doi: 10.1001/archotol.133.2.135.
4
Effects of opium addiction on some serum factors in addicts with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.鸦片成瘾对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病成瘾者某些血清因子的影响。
Addict Biol. 2004 Mar;9(1):53-8. doi: 10.1080/13556210410001674095.
5
Immunomodulatory effects of morphine withdrawal in the rat are time dependent and reversible by clonidine.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Oct;146(3):320-7. doi: 10.1007/s002130051123.
6
Morphine-induced alterations of immune status: dose dependency, compartment specificity and antagonism by naltrexone.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993 Jun;265(3):1071-8.
7
Properties of opiate-receptor binding in rat brain.大鼠脑中阿片受体结合的特性
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Aug;70(8):2243-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.8.2243.
8
Stereospecific binding of the potent narcotic analgesic (3H) Etorphine to rat-brain homogenate.强效麻醉性镇痛药（3H）埃托啡与大鼠脑匀浆的立体特异性结合。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Jul;70(7):1947-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.7.1947.
9
Pavlovian conditioning of morphine-induced alterations of immune status.吗啡诱导的免疫状态改变的巴甫洛夫条件反射
J Neuroimmunol. 1992 Aug;39(3):219-30. doi: 10.1016/0165-5728(92)90256-k.

戒烟对鼻咽部微生物群落的影响。

Effects of opium smoking cessation on the nasopharyngeal microbial flora.

作者信息

Golshiri Ali, Mokhtaree Mohammad Reza, Shabani Ziba, Tabatabaee Sayed Taghi, Rahnama Amir, Moradi Mohammad, Sayadi Ahamad Reza, Faezi Hadi

机构信息

Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology and Chief of Moradi Hospital, Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Moradi Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Hospital Infection Control Nurse, Moradi Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

出版信息

Addict Health. 2009 Summer;1(1):1-4.

PMID:24494075
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3905491/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

To determine the effect of opium smoking cessation on the frequency and type of microorganisms in the nasopharynx of opium smokers.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study performed in psychology and ENT department of Moradi Hospital of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2008 (Kerman, Iran). Nasopharyngeal cultures were taken from 50 opium smokers before and 2 to 3 months after cessation of opium smoking. Potential pathogens were identified.

FINDINGS

Eight potential pathogens were isolated from nasopharyngeal cultures obtained from 43 individuals before opium smoking cessation, and 4 were recovered from 33 individuals after cessation (P < 0.0001). Streptococcus pneumonia, staphylococcus saprofiticus, streptococos α hemolytic, and staphylococcus aureus in 2(nd) culture were not seen. The most sensitivity to antibiotics was related to ceftriaxone (84%), ciprofloxacin (74%) and cloxacillin (72%); the most resistance was to amoxicillin (26%) and the least resistance was to chloramphenicol.

CONCLUSION

In our study, some potential pathogens decreased or even disapeared after opium cessation. Our patients have not been advised to change their number of cigarettes. We have used methadone pill for substitution of opium. It seems that opium smoking affects nasopharyngeal flora.

摘要

背景

确定戒烟对鸦片吸食者鼻咽部微生物的频率和种类的影响。

方法

这是一项于2008年在拉夫桑詹医科大学莫拉迪医院心理科和耳鼻喉科进行的横断面研究（伊朗克尔曼）。在50名鸦片吸食者戒烟前及戒烟后2至3个月采集鼻咽部培养物。鉴定潜在病原体。

结果

在43名个体戒烟前采集的鼻咽部培养物中分离出8种潜在病原体，戒烟后在33名个体中分离出4种（P < 0.0001）。第二次培养中未发现肺炎链球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、α溶血性链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。对抗生素最敏感的是头孢曲松（84%）、环丙沙星（74%）和氯唑西林（72%）；耐药性最强的是阿莫西林（26%），耐药性最弱的是氯霉素。

结论

在我们的研究中，戒烟后一些潜在病原体减少甚至消失。我们未建议患者改变吸烟数量。我们使用美沙酮药丸替代鸦片。似乎吸食鸦片会影响鼻咽部菌群。