Moreira Carla, Moreira Pedro, Abreu Sandra, Santos Paula C, Moreira-Silva Isabel, Póvoas Susana, Mota Jorge, Santos Rute
1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014 Apr;12(3):171-7. doi: 10.1089/met.2013.0065. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
A growing body of research suggests that vitamin D might play an important role in overall health. No data exist on vitamin D intake for the Azorean adolescent population. The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin D intake and investigate a possible association between vitamin D intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in Azorean adolescents.
A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 496 adolescents (288 girls) aged 15-18 years from the Azorean Islands, Portugal. Anthropometric measurements (waist circumference and height), blood pressure (systolic), and plasma biomarkers [fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs)] were measured to assess metabolic risk. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), TC-to-HDL-C ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. For each of these variables, a Z-score was computed by age and sex. A metabolic risk score was constructed by summing the Z-scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered when the individual had ≥1 standard deviation (SD) of this score. Vitamin D intake was assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified into quartiles of vitamin D intake. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for high cardiometabolic risk scores after adjusting for total energy intake, pubertal stage, fat mass percentage, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Mean (SD) vitamin D intake was 5.8 (6.5) μg/day, and 9.1% of Azorean adolescents achieved the estimated average requirement of vitamin D (10 μg/day or 400 IU). Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio for a high cardiometabolic risk score was 3.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-8.75] for adolescents in the lowest vitamin D intake quartile in comparison with those in the highest vitamin D intake quartile, even after adjustment for confounders.
A lower level of vitamin D intake was associated with worse metabolic profile among Azorean adolescents.
越来越多的研究表明，维生素D可能在整体健康中发挥重要作用。目前尚无关于亚速尔群岛青少年维生素D摄入量的数据。本研究的目的是评估亚速尔群岛青少年的维生素D摄入量，并调查维生素D摄入量与心脏代谢危险因素之间可能存在的关联。
对来自葡萄牙亚速尔群岛的496名15 - 18岁青少年（288名女孩）进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究。测量人体测量指标（腰围和身高）、血压（收缩压）以及血浆生物标志物[空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和甘油三酯（TGs）]以评估代谢风险。计算稳态模型评估（HOMA）、TC与HDL-C比值以及腰高比。针对这些变量中的每一个，通过年龄和性别计算Z评分。通过将所有个体危险因素的Z评分相加构建代谢风险评分。当个体的该评分≥1个标准差（SD）时，视为高风险。使用半定量食物频率问卷评估维生素D摄入量。参与者被分为维生素D摄入量的四分位数。在调整总能量摄入、青春期阶段、脂肪质量百分比和心肺适能后，采用逻辑回归确定高心脏代谢风险评分的比值比。
维生素D的平均（SD）摄入量为每天5.8（6.5）μg，9.1%的亚速尔群岛青少年达到了维生素D的估计平均需求量（每天10μg或400IU）。逻辑回归显示，与维生素D摄入量最高四分位数的青少年相比，维生素D摄入量最低四分位数的青少年出现高心脏代谢风险评分的比值比为3.35[95%置信区间（CI）1.28 - 8.75]，即使在调整混杂因素后也是如此。
亚速尔群岛青少年中较低的维生素D摄入量与较差的代谢状况相关。
