青少年的维生素D摄入量与心脏代谢危险因素
Vitamin D intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.
作者信息
Moreira Carla, Moreira Pedro, Abreu Sandra, Santos Paula C, Moreira-Silva Isabel, Póvoas Susana, Mota Jorge, Santos Rute
机构信息
1 Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .
出版信息
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014 Apr;12(3):171-7. doi: 10.1089/met.2013.0065. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
BACKGROUND
A growing body of research suggests that vitamin D might play an important role in overall health. No data exist on vitamin D intake for the Azorean adolescent population. The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin D intake and investigate a possible association between vitamin D intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in Azorean adolescents.
METHODS
A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 496 adolescents (288 girls) aged 15-18 years from the Azorean Islands, Portugal. Anthropometric measurements (waist circumference and height), blood pressure (systolic), and plasma biomarkers [fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs)] were measured to assess metabolic risk. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), TC-to-HDL-C ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. For each of these variables, a Z-score was computed by age and sex. A metabolic risk score was constructed by summing the Z-scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered when the individual had ≥1 standard deviation (SD) of this score. Vitamin D intake was assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified into quartiles of vitamin D intake. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for high cardiometabolic risk scores after adjusting for total energy intake, pubertal stage, fat mass percentage, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
RESULTS
Mean (SD) vitamin D intake was 5.8 (6.5) μg/day, and 9.1% of Azorean adolescents achieved the estimated average requirement of vitamin D (10 μg/day or 400 IU). Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio for a high cardiometabolic risk score was 3.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-8.75] for adolescents in the lowest vitamin D intake quartile in comparison with those in the highest vitamin D intake quartile, even after adjustment for confounders.
CONCLUSION
A lower level of vitamin D intake was associated with worse metabolic profile among Azorean adolescents.
背景
越来越多的研究表明，维生素D可能在整体健康中发挥重要作用。目前尚无关于亚速尔群岛青少年维生素D摄入量的数据。本研究的目的是评估亚速尔群岛青少年的维生素D摄入量，并调查维生素D摄入量与心脏代谢危险因素之间可能存在的关联。
方法
对来自葡萄牙亚速尔群岛的496名15 - 18岁青少年（288名女孩）进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究。测量人体测量指标（腰围和身高）、血压（收缩压）以及血浆生物标志物[空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和甘油三酯（TGs）]以评估代谢风险。计算稳态模型评估（HOMA）、TC与HDL-C比值以及腰高比。针对这些变量中的每一个，通过年龄和性别计算Z评分。通过将所有个体危险因素的Z评分相加构建代谢风险评分。当个体的该评分≥1个标准差（SD）时，视为高风险。使用半定量食物频率问卷评估维生素D摄入量。参与者被分为维生素D摄入量的四分位数。在调整总能量摄入、青春期阶段、脂肪质量百分比和心肺适能后，采用逻辑回归确定高心脏代谢风险评分的比值比。
结果
维生素D的平均（SD）摄入量为每天5.8（6.5）μg，9.1%的亚速尔群岛青少年达到了维生素D的估计平均需求量（每天10μg或400IU）。逻辑回归显示，与维生素D摄入量最高四分位数的青少年相比，维生素D摄入量最低四分位数的青少年出现高心脏代谢风险评分的比值比为3.35[95%置信区间（CI）1.28 - 8.75]，即使在调整混杂因素后也是如此。
结论
亚速尔群岛青少年中较低的维生素D摄入量与较差的代谢状况相关。
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