Zhou Li-qing, Chen Jing, Hu Yan, Li Hai-qi
Department of Primary Child Care, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
Email:
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2013 Dec;51(12):892-7.
To investigate the seasonal influence on the diagnosis of food allergy in children under 3 years of age.
The data of epidemiological studies about food allergy of children under 3 years of age attending routine well-baby checks at the Department of Primary Child Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in the winter and summer, 2009, including questionnaires, results of skin prick test (SPT), food elimination and oral food challenge (OFC) were analyzed. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.
The age and sex distribution, and both the rates of the drop-out in two studies were similar. Ninety infants were positive for SPT, 40 infants were positive for OFC, and 31 infants dropped out in winter; while 65 infants were positive for SPT, 25 positive for OFC, and 31 dropped out in summer. The percentage of positive SPT in the children performed in winter was higher than that in summer (14.9%, 90/603 vs 10.7%, 65/607) (P = 0.028). Skin prick test accuracy was similar when the studies were performed in winter and in summer [sensitivity 0.85 and 0.84, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.54 and 0.47, negative predictive value (NPV) 0.99 and 0.99]. The prevalence of food allergy in the children studied in winter was higher than that in summer (7.0% vs 4.3%), but the difference was not significant. After correcting the prevalence for dropout children, the prevalence of food allergy (FA) investigated in winter was significantly higher than that in summer (9.3% vs 5.9%). The results of circular distribution analysis showed the date of birth corresponding to estimated value of peak point of SPT in winter were not consistent with it in summer, so was OFC. Either the results of skin prick test or oral food challenge in two studies were not correlated with the seasons of birth.
Our data showed that the rates of positive SPT and the prevalence of food allergy were correlated with the seasons, but the seasons of birth did not influence the results of skin prick test or oral food challenge in children, while the real age of children were related to them.
探讨季节对3岁以下儿童食物过敏诊断的影响。
分析重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科2009年冬夏两季对3岁以下儿童进行常规健康检查时有关食物过敏的流行病学研究数据，包括问卷调查、皮肤点刺试验（SPT）结果、食物回避和口服食物激发试验（OFC）。所有数据采用SPSS 17.0进行分析。
两项研究的年龄和性别分布以及失访率均相似。冬季90例婴儿SPT阳性，40例婴儿OFC阳性，31例婴儿失访；夏季65例婴儿SPT阳性，25例OFC阳性，31例失访。冬季进行检测的儿童中SPT阳性百分比高于夏季（14.9%，90/603对10.7%，65/607）（P = 0.028）。冬夏两季进行研究时皮肤点刺试验准确性相似[敏感性分别为0.85和0.84，阳性预测值（PPV）分别为0.54和0.47，阴性预测值（NPV）分别为0.99和0.99]。冬季研究的儿童食物过敏患病率高于夏季（7.0%对4.3%），但差异无统计学意义。校正失访儿童患病率后，冬季调查的食物过敏（FA）患病率显著高于夏季（9.3%对5.9%）。圆形分布分析结果显示，冬季与夏季SPT峰值估计值对应的出生日期不一致，OFC情况亦如此。两项研究中皮肤点刺试验或口服食物激发试验的结果均与出生季节无关。
我们的数据表明，SPT阳性率和食物过敏患病率与季节相关，但出生季节不影响儿童皮肤点刺试验或口服食物激发试验结果，而儿童的实际年龄与之相关。
