Animal Epidemiology Working Group of the Military Medical Service, Toulon, France.
Parasit Vectors. 2013 Nov 9;6(1):323. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-323.
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is enzootic in southeastern France, and military working dogs (MWD) posted in this area are highly exposed. To assess the efficiency of prevention, we performed a serological and clinical follow-up of 80 MWD in the Var and Corsica regions during the 20-year period from 1993 to 2012. The systematic and specific prevention of CanL using a deltamethrin-impregnated collar (DMC) was implemented in 2002.
Out of 80 dogs tested annually, the cumulative serological and clinical incidence was 42.5% (34/80) and 21.2% (17/80) respectively, during the first period, and these numbers decreased to 6.2% (5/80) and 2.5% (2/80) during the second period (p < 0.00001). Considering the incidence of serology since 2002, the CanL risk has been reduced by 85.2% and the level of protection of MWD reached 93.8%. Dogs without collars had a 10.4-fold greater chance of becoming infected than protected dogs. Although other ecological factors might have influenced the epidemiology of CanL, DMC usage was the main factor affecting dog exposure to CanL.
The prevention strategy based on DMC proved highly efficient in our population of MWD, as it effectively controlled the disease. This result is also of interest to public health, as dogs are reservoirs for Leishmania infantum.
犬利什曼病（CanL）在法国东南部流行，部署在该地区的军犬（MWD）高度暴露。为了评估预防效果，我们对 1993 年至 2012 年期间在瓦尔和科西嘉地区的 80 只 MWD 进行了血清学和临床随访。2002 年，使用含氯菊酯浸渍项圈（DMC）对 CanL 进行了系统和特异性预防。
80 只犬每年进行一次检测，在第一个时期，累计血清学和临床发病率分别为 42.5%（34/80）和 21.2%（17/80），在第二个时期，这两个数字分别下降至 6.2%（5/80）和 2.5%（2/80）（p<0.00001）。考虑到 2002 年以来的血清学发病率，CanL 风险降低了 85.2%，MWD 的保护水平达到 93.8%。未戴项圈的犬感染的几率是戴项圈犬的 10.4 倍。尽管其他生态因素可能影响了 CanL 的流行病学，但 DMC 的使用是影响犬接触 CanL 的主要因素。
基于 DMC 的预防策略在我们的 MWD 人群中非常有效，因为它有效地控制了该疾病。这一结果对公共卫生也具有重要意义，因为狗是利什曼原虫的宿主。
