Bruton Adam M, Mellalieu Stephen D, Shearer David A
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2014 Feb;36(1):27-39. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2013-0058.
The purpose of this multistudy investigation was to examine observation as an intervention for the manipulation of individual collective efficacy beliefs. Study 1 compared the effects of positive, neutral, and negative video footage of practice trials from an obstacle course task on collective efficacy beliefs in assigned groups. The content of the observation intervention (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative video footage) significantly influenced the direction of change in collective efficacy (p < .05). Study 2 assessed the influence of content familiarity (own team/sport vs. unfamiliar team/sport) on individual collective efficacy perceptions when observing positive footage of competitive basketball performance. Collective efficacy significantly increased for both the familiar and unfamiliar conditions postintervention, with the largest increase for the familiar condition (p < .05). The studies support the use of observation as an intervention to enhance individual perceptions of collective efficacy in group-based activities. The findings suggest that observations of any group displaying positive group characteristics are likely to increase collective efficacy beliefs; however, observation of one's own team leads to the greatest increases.
这项多研究调查的目的是检验观察作为一种干预手段对个体集体效能信念的影响。研究1比较了来自障碍课程任务的练习试验的正面、中性和负面视频片段对指定小组集体效能信念的影响。观察干预的内容（即正面、中性和负面视频片段）显著影响了集体效能的变化方向（p < .05）。研究2评估了内容熟悉度（自己的团队/运动项目与不熟悉的团队/运动项目）对观察竞争性篮球表现正面视频片段时个体集体效能感的影响。干预后，熟悉和不熟悉条件下的集体效能均显著提高，熟悉条件下的提高幅度最大（p < .05）。这些研究支持将观察作为一种干预手段，以增强个体在基于群体的活动中的集体效能感。研究结果表明，观察任何展现出积极群体特征的群体都可能增强集体效能信念；然而，观察自己的团队会带来最大幅度的增强。
