Beets Iseult A M, Gooijers Jolien, Boisgontier Matthieu P, Pauwels Lisa, Coxon James P, Wittenberg George, Swinnen Stephan P
KU Leuven, Group Biomedical Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Movement Neuroscience Laboratory Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, 1072, Auckland, New Zealand.
Cereb Cortex. 2015 Jul;25(7):1958-69. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu005. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
It has been established that bimanual coordination with augmented feedback (FB) versus no augmented feedback (NFB) is associated with activity in different brain regions. It is unclear however, whether this distinction remains after practice comprising both these conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used in humans to compare visual FB versus NFB conditions for a bimanual tracking task, and their differential evolution across learning. Scanning occurred before (Pre) and after 2 weeks (Post) of mixed FB and NFB training using an event-related design, allowing differentiation between the planning and execution phase of the task. Activations at the whole-brain level initially differed for FB versus NFB movements but this differentiation diminished with training for the movement execution phase. Specifically, in right dorsal premotor cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation increased for NFB and decreased for FB trials to converge toward the end of practice. This suggests that learning led to a decreased need to adjust the ongoing movement on the basis of FB, whereas online monitoring became more pronounced in NFB trials as discrepancies between the required and the produced motor output were detected more accurately after training, due to a generic internal reference of correctness supporting movement control under varying conditions.
已经确定，双手协调时接受增强反馈（FB）与不接受增强反馈（NFB）会与不同脑区的活动相关。然而，尚不清楚在包含这两种情况的练习之后这种差异是否仍然存在。在人类中使用功能磁共振成像来比较双手跟踪任务中视觉FB与NFB条件，以及它们在学习过程中的差异演变。使用事件相关设计在混合FB和NFB训练的2周之前（Pre）和之后（Post）进行扫描，从而区分任务的计划和执行阶段。在全脑水平上，FB与NFB运动最初的激活情况不同，但在运动执行阶段的训练过程中这种差异逐渐减小。具体而言，在右背侧运动前皮层和右背外侧前额叶皮层，NFB试验的激活增加，FB试验的激活减少，在练习结束时趋于一致。这表明学习导致基于FB调整正在进行的运动的需求减少，而在NFB试验中在线监测变得更加明显，因为训练后能够更准确地检测到所需运动输出与产生的运动输出之间的差异，这是由于存在一个通用的正确性内部参考来支持在不同条件下的运动控制。
