Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris City, 75006 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S0669 Paris, 75014 Paris, France; University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France; Cochin-Port Royal Hospital Paris Center, Department of Pediatrics, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
Neurophysiol Clin. 2014 Jan;44(1):13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.133. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
In the literature, descriptions of children with motor coordination difficulties and clumsy movements have been discussed since the early 1900s. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), it is a marked impairment in the development of fine or global motor coordination, affecting 6% of school-age children. All these children are characterized for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in motor learning and new motor skill acquisition, in contrast to adult apraxia which is a disorder in the execution of already learned movements. No consensus has been established about etiology of DCD. Intragroup approach through factor and cluster analysis highlights that motor impairment in DCD children varies both in severity and nature. Indeed, most studies have used screening measures of performance on some developmental milestones derived from global motor tests. A few studies have investigated different functions together with standardized assessments, such as neuromuscular tone and soft signs, qualitative and quantitative measures related to gross and fine motor coordination and the specific difficulties -academic, language, gnosic, visual motor/visual-perceptual, and attentional/executive- n order to allow a better identification of DCD subtypes with diagnostic criteria and to provide an understanding of the mechanisms and of the cerebral involvement.
在文献中，自 20 世纪初以来，就有关于运动协调困难和动作笨拙的儿童的描述。根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM-IV），这是精细或整体运动协调发育的明显障碍，影响 6%的学龄儿童。所有这些儿童都表现出运动学习和新运动技能习得方面的发育性协调障碍（DCD），与成人失用症不同，后者是已经习得的运动执行方面的障碍。关于 DCD 的病因尚未达成共识。通过因子和聚类分析的组内方法强调，DCD 儿童的运动障碍在严重程度和性质上都有所不同。事实上，大多数研究都使用源自整体运动测试的一些发育里程碑的表现筛选措施。一些研究还一起调查了不同的功能，以及标准化评估，如神经肌肉张力和软性体征、与粗大和精细运动协调以及特定困难（学术、语言、认知、视觉运动/视觉感知、注意力/执行）相关的定性和定量测量，以便更好地根据诊断标准识别 DCD 亚型，并了解其机制和大脑参与情况。
