Dougal Kirsty, de la Fuente Gabriel, Harris Patricia A, Girdwood Susan E, Pinloche Eric, Geor Raymond J, Nielsen Brian D, Schott Harold C, Elzinga Sarah, Newbold C Jamie
Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom.
Equine Studies Group, WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 4;9(2):e87424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087424. eCollection 2014.
Faecal samples were collected from seventeen animals, each fed three different diets (high fibre, high fibre with a starch rich supplement and high fibre with an oil rich supplement). DNA was extracted and the V1-V2 regions of 16SrDNA were 454-pyrosequenced to investigate the faecal microbiome of the horse. The effect of age was also considered by comparing mature (8 horses aged 5-12) versus elderly horses (9 horses aged 19-28). A reduction in diversity was found in the elderly horse group. Significant differences between diets were found at an OTU level (52 OTUs at corrected Q<0.1). The majority of differences found were related to the Firmucutes phylum (37) with some changes in Bacteroidetes (6), Proteobacteria (3), Actinobacteria (2) and Spirochaetes (1). For the forage only diet,with no added starch or oil, we found 30/2934 OTUs (accounting for 15.9% of sequences) present in all horses. However the core (i.e. present in all horses) associated with the oil rich supplemented diet was somewhat smaller (25/3029 OTUs, 10.3% ) and the core associated with the starch rich supplemented diet was even smaller (15/2884 OTUs, 5.4% ). The core associated with samples across all three diets was extremely small (6/5689 OTUs accounting for only 2.3% of sequences) and dominated by the order Clostridiales, with the most abundant family being Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, forage based diets plus starch or oil rich complementary feeds were associated with differences in the faecal bacterial community compared with the forage alone. Further, as observed in people, ageing is associated with a reduction in bacterial diversity. However there was no change in the bacterial community structure in these healthy animals associated with age.
从17只动物身上采集粪便样本，每只动物喂食三种不同的日粮（高纤维日粮、添加富含淀粉补充剂的高纤维日粮和添加富含油脂补充剂的高纤维日粮）。提取DNA，并对16SrDNA的V1-V2区域进行454焦磷酸测序，以研究马的粪便微生物群。通过比较成年马（8匹5-12岁的马）和老年马（9匹19-28岁的马）来考虑年龄的影响。在老年马组中发现多样性降低。在OTU水平上发现日粮之间存在显著差异（校正Q<0.1时为52个OTU）。发现的大多数差异与厚壁菌门（37个）有关，拟杆菌门（6个）、变形菌门（3个）、放线菌门（2个）和螺旋体门（1个）有一些变化。对于仅含草料、不添加淀粉或油脂的日粮，我们发现所有马匹中存在30/2934个OTU（占序列的15.9%）。然而，与添加富含油脂补充剂的日粮相关的核心OTU（即所有马匹中都存在的OTU）数量略少（25/3029个OTU，10.3%），与添加富含淀粉补充剂的日粮相关的核心OTU数量更少（15/2884个OTU，5.4%）。与所有三种日粮样本相关的核心OTU数量极少（6/5689个OTU，仅占序列的2.3%），且以梭菌目为主，最丰富的科是毛螺菌科。总之，与仅喂草料相比，以草料为基础的日粮加上富含淀粉或油脂的补充饲料与粪便细菌群落的差异有关。此外，正如在人类中观察到的那样，衰老与细菌多样性的降低有关。然而，在这些健康动物中，细菌群落结构并未随年龄发生变化。
