Raspa Federica, Chessa Stefania, Bergero Domenico, Sacchi Paola, Ferrocino Ilario, Cocolin Luca, Corvaglia Maria Rita, Moretti Riccardo, Cavallini Damiano, Valle Emanuela
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 May 14;11:1386135. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1386135. eCollection 2024.
Diet is one of the main factors influencing the intestinal microbiota in horses, yet a systematic characterization of the microbiota along the length of the digestive tract in clinically healthy horses, homogenous for age and breed and receiving a specific diet is lacking.
The study used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbiota of the intestinal tracts of 19 healthy Bardigiano horses of 14.3 ± 0.7 months of age fed one of two diets. Nine horses received a high-starch diet (HS), and ten horses received a high-fiber diet (HF). After 129 days, the horses were slaughtered, and samples were collected from the different intestinal tract compartments.
The microbiota alpha diversity indices were lower in the caecum, pelvic flexure and right dorsal colon of the horses fed the HS diet (False Discovery Rate, FDR < 0.05). The values of beta diversity indicated significant compositional differences between the studied intestinal tract compartments according to the diet received (FDR < 0.05). At the lower taxonomic level (genus or family), the HS diet was associated with a higher relative frequency of within the small intestine (jejunum and duodenum) (FDR < 0.05). Within the hindgut (caecum and sternal flexure), the HS diet was associated with lower relative frequencies (i.e., a smaller core community) of bacteria belonging to and (FDR < 0.05). Moreover, horses fed the HS diet displayed a higher relative abundance of in the caecum (FDR < 0.05) and in the sternal flexure (FDR < 0.05), both of which are pathogenic bacteria responsible for inflammation diseases. Samples collected from the pelvic flexure and rectum of horses fed the HS diet showed significantly higher relative frequencies of (FDR < 0.05) - amylolytic bacteria associated with acidosis. The relative frequencies of the and were lower in the feces collected from the rectum of horses receiving the HS diet vs. HF diet, indicating smaller core communities of these bacteria (FDR < 0.05). Fibrous diets should be promoted to prevent dysbiosis of the microbiota associated with high-starch diet.
饮食是影响马肠道微生物群的主要因素之一，但目前缺乏对年龄、品种均一且接受特定饮食的临床健康马的消化道全长微生物群进行系统表征的研究。
本研究采用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术，对19匹14.3±0.7月龄的健康巴尔迪贾诺马的肠道微生物群进行表征，这些马被喂食两种饮食中的一种。9匹马接受高淀粉饮食（HS），10匹马接受高纤维饮食（HF）。129天后，对马实施安乐死，并从不同肠道区域采集样本。
喂食HS饮食的马的盲肠、骨盆弯曲部和右背结肠中的微生物群α多样性指数较低（错误发现率，FDR＜0.05）。β多样性值表明，根据所接受的饮食，所研究的肠道区域之间存在显著的组成差异（FDR＜0.05）。在较低的分类水平（属或科）上，HS饮食与小肠（空肠和十二指肠）内某菌属的相对丰度较高相关（FDR＜0.05）。在后肠（盲肠和胸骨弯曲部）内，HS饮食与属于某两菌属的细菌的相对丰度较低相关（即核心群落较小）（FDR＜0.05）。此外，喂食HS饮食的马的盲肠中某菌属的相对丰度较高（FDR＜0.05），胸骨弯曲部中另一菌属的相对丰度较高（FDR＜0.05），这两种菌均为引起炎症性疾病的病原菌。从喂食HS饮食的马的骨盆弯曲部和直肠采集的样本显示，某菌属（与酸中毒相关的淀粉分解菌）的相对丰度显著较高（FDR＜0.05）。与接受HF饮食的马相比，接受HS饮食的马的直肠粪便中某两菌属的相对丰度较低，表明这些细菌的核心群落较小（FDR＜0.05）。应提倡采用纤维性饮食，以防止与高淀粉饮食相关的微生物群失调。
