Spyra Aneta, Strzelec Małgorzata
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa Street, 40-007, Katowice, Poland,
Naturwissenschaften. 2014 Mar;101(3):229-39. doi: 10.1007/s00114-014-1153-7. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
Biological invasions are a significant component of human-caused global change and is widely regarded as one of the main threats to natural biodiversity. Isolated anthropogenic water bodies created in the areas that are deprived of natural freshwater habitats allow the survival and reproduction of alien species on newly settled sites. They are often small with water level fluctuations causing frequent environmental disturbances. The colonisation success may be the result of the rate of their degradation. The aims of the study were to determine the environmental conditions that affect the existence of alien species of gastropods in this type of aquatic environment and to examine whether the occurrence of non-native species affects the community structure of the native species. This study made it possible to group woodland ponds according to the occurrence of the three invasive species in snail communities and discuss the environmental conditions present in these pond types. Analysis of water properties emphasised the distinctiveness of the selected pond types. In ponds of the Potamopyrgus antipodarum type, we found the highest values of some parameters mainly hardness, conductivity, and content of calcium and chlorides, in contrast with the Physella acuta type, which were characterised by the lowest values except for phosphates and nitrites. In the Ferrissia fragilis type, we found the highest nitrate content. Data on the occurrence of alien species in different water environments play an important role in actions which are taken to prevent new invasions and spread of non-native species as well as to reduce future impacts of invaders.
生物入侵是人为造成的全球变化的一个重要组成部分，被广泛认为是对自然生物多样性的主要威胁之一。在缺乏天然淡水栖息地的地区形成的孤立人工水体，使得外来物种能够在新定居的地点生存和繁殖。这些水体通常较小，水位波动频繁，导致环境扰动频繁。其定殖成功可能是水体退化速率的结果。本研究的目的是确定影响此类水生环境中腹足纲外来物种生存的环境条件，并研究非本地物种的出现是否会影响本地物种的群落结构。这项研究使得根据蜗牛群落中三种入侵物种的出现情况对林地池塘进行分类，并讨论这些池塘类型中存在的环境条件成为可能。水质分析突出了所选池塘类型的独特性。在新西兰泥蜗类型的池塘中，我们发现一些参数的值最高——主要是硬度、电导率以及钙和氯化物的含量，而尖膀胱螺类型的池塘除了磷酸盐和亚硝酸盐外，其他参数的值最低。在脆弱椎实螺类型的池塘中，我们发现硝酸盐含量最高。不同水环境中外来物种出现情况的数据，对于预防新的入侵和非本地物种的扩散以及减少入侵者未来影响的行动具有重要作用。
