Modell Stephen M, Citrin Toby, King Susan B, Kardia Sharon L R
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Hts., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA,
J Relig Health. 2014 Jun;53(3):702-14. doi: 10.1007/s10943-013-9814-y.
The latest health care legislation, which promotes prevention and health screening, ultimately depends for its success on recognition of people's values concerning the technologies being employed, not just the interventions' technical virtues. Values concerning the deterministic nature of a condition and what groups should be targeted rest on a sense of what is morally, often religiously right in a given health circumstance. This paper looks at a number of leading-edge case examples--breast cancer genetic screening and family decision-making, and newborn screening and biobanks--in examining how the choices made at the individual, family, and societal levels rest on faith in a higher source of efficacy and moral perspectives on the measures that can be taken. Qualitative responses expressing people's attitudes toward these technologies underscore the importance of considering faith-based values in individual decisions and collective policies on their use. These examples are considered in the context of the historic interplay between science and religion and recent definitions and models of health which incorporate physical, emotional, and social elements, and most importantly, are expanding to incorporate the religious and spiritual values domains.
最新的医疗保健立法旨在促进疾病预防和健康筛查，其成功最终取决于人们对所采用技术的价值观的认同，而不仅仅是干预措施的技术优势。关于疾病的确定性本质以及应针对哪些群体的价值观，取决于在特定健康环境中什么在道德上是正确的，往往是宗教上正确的观念。本文通过审视一些前沿案例——乳腺癌基因筛查与家庭决策、新生儿筛查与生物样本库——来探讨个人、家庭和社会层面所做的选择如何基于对更高疗效来源的信念以及对可采取措施的道德观念。表达人们对这些技术态度的定性回应凸显了在关于其使用的个人决策和集体政策中考虑基于信仰的价值观的重要性。这些例子是在科学与宗教之间的历史互动以及近期包含身体、情感和社会要素的健康定义和模式的背景下进行考量的，最重要的是，这些定义和模式正在扩展以纳入宗教和精神价值领域。
