Fossi M C, Panti C, Marsili L, Maltese S, Coppola D, Jimenez B, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Finoia M G, Rojas-Bracho L, Urban R J
Department of Environmental, Physical and Earth Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Dec;21(23):13353-66. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2574-8. Epub 2014 Feb 9.
In this work, a suite of diagnostic biomarkers was applied to seven cetacean species to evaluate the role of the feeding habits and migratory behavior in the toxicological status of these species from the Gulf of California, Mexico. We investigate the interspecific differences in cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2B (CYP1A1 and CYP2B, respectively), aryl hydrocarbon receptor and E2F transcription factor 1 and the contaminants levels [organochlorine compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)] in four odontocete species (common bottlenose dolphin, long-beaked common dolphin, sperm whale and killer whale) and three mysticete species (blue whale, fin whale, and Bryde's whale) using skin biopsy. Differences in contaminant levels and molecular biomarker responses between the odontocete and mysticete species have been pointed out. The canonical discriminant analysis on principal component analysis factors, performed to reveal clustering variables, shows that odontocete are characterised by the highest levels of lipophilic contaminants compared to the mysticete, with the highest levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and PBDEs detected in killer whale and the lowest levels in Bryde's whale. The biomarker data show interspecific differences amongst the seven species, revealing highest CYP1A and CYP2B protein levels in the mysticete fish-eating species (Bryde's whale). In conclusion, three main factors seem to regulate the biomarker responses in these species: (a) the inductive ability of persistent organic pollutants and PAHs; (b) the different evolutionary process of the two CYPs related to the different feeding habits of the species; (c) the migratory/resident behaviour of the mysticete species in this area.
在这项研究中，一组诊断生物标志物被应用于七种鲸类物种，以评估摄食习性和洄游行为对来自墨西哥加利福尼亚湾的这些物种毒理学状况的影响。我们研究了四种齿鲸（普通宽吻海豚、长吻真海豚、抹香鲸和虎鲸）和三种须鲸（蓝鲸、长须鲸和布氏鲸）中细胞色素P450 1A1和2B（分别为CYP1A1和CYP2B）、芳烃受体和E2F转录因子1的种间差异以及污染物水平[有机氯化合物、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和多环芳烃（PAHs）]，采用皮肤活检的方法。已指出齿鲸和须鲸物种之间污染物水平和分子生物标志物反应的差异。对主成分分析因子进行的典型判别分析，以揭示聚类变量，结果表明，与须鲸相比，齿鲸的特征是亲脂性污染物水平最高，在虎鲸中检测到的多氯联苯、二氯二苯三氯乙烷和PBDEs水平最高，而在布氏鲸中最低。生物标志物数据显示了这七个物种之间的种间差异，揭示了须鲸食鱼物种（布氏鲸）中CYP1A和CYP2B蛋白水平最高。总之，三个主要因素似乎调节了这些物种中的生物标志物反应：（a）持久性有机污染物和PAHs的诱导能力；（b）与物种不同摄食习性相关的两种CYPs的不同进化过程；（c）该地区须鲸物种的洄游/定居行为。
