Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany.
Virol J. 2014 Feb 11;11:25. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-25.
Human adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D) can be associated with acute respiratory illness, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis, but subclinical HAdV-D infections with prolonged shedding have also been observed, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. To expand knowledge on HAdV-D in Sub-Saharan Africa, we investigated the prevalence, epidemiology and pathogenic potential of HAdV-D in humans from rural areas of 4 Sub-Saharan countries, Côte d'Ivoire (CI), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Central African Republic (CAR) and Uganda (UG).
Stool samples were collected from 287 people living in rural regions in CI, DRC, CAR and UG. HAdV-D prevalence and diversity were determined by PCR and sequencing. A gene block, spanning the genes pV to hexon, was used for analysis of genetic distance. Correlation between adenovirus infection and disease symptoms, prevalence differences, and the effect of age and gender on infection status were analyzed with cross tables and logistic regression models.
The prevalence of HAdV-D in the investigated sites was estimated to be 66% in CI, 48% in DRC, 28% in CAR (adults only) and 65% in UG (adults only). Younger individuals were more frequently infected than adults; there was no difference in HAdV-D occurrence between genders. No correlation could be found between HAdV-D infection and clinical symptoms. Highly diverse HAdV-D sequences were identified, among which a number are likely to stand for novel types.
HAdV-D was detected with a high prevalence in study populations of 4 Sub-Saharan countries. The genetic diversity of the virus was high and further investigations are needed to pinpoint pathological potential of each of the viruses. High diversity may also favor the emergence of recombinants with altered tropism and pathogenic properties.
人类腺病毒 D 种（HAdV-D）可引起急性呼吸道疾病、流行性角膜结膜炎和胃肠炎，但也观察到亚临床 HAdV-D 感染的持续排毒，尤其是在免疫功能低下的宿主中。为了扩大对撒哈拉以南非洲地区 HAdV-D 的认识，我们调查了来自科特迪瓦（CI）、刚果民主共和国（DRC）、中非共和国（CAR）和乌干达（UG）农村地区的人类中 HAdV-D 的流行率、流行病学和致病潜力。
从 CI、DRC、CAR 和 UG 的农村地区采集了 287 人的粪便样本。通过 PCR 和测序确定 HAdV-D 的流行率和多样性。使用基因块（跨越 pV 到 hexon 基因）进行遗传距离分析。使用交叉表和逻辑回归模型分析腺病毒感染与疾病症状之间的相关性、流行率差异以及年龄和性别对感染状况的影响。
在所调查的地点，HAdV-D 的流行率在 CI 为 66%，DRC 为 48%，CAR（仅限成人）为 28%，UG（仅限成人）为 65%。年轻个体比成年个体更容易感染；性别之间 HAdV-D 的发生没有差异。未发现 HAdV-D 感染与临床症状之间存在相关性。鉴定出高度多样化的 HAdV-D 序列，其中一些可能代表新的类型。
在 4 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的研究人群中，HAdV-D 的检出率很高。该病毒的遗传多样性很高，需要进一步调查以确定每种病毒的潜在病理作用。高度多样性也可能有利于出现具有改变的嗜性和致病性的重组体。
