Freeston Jonathan, Adams Roger, Ferdinands René E D, Rooney Kieron
1Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 2Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Aug;28(8):2115-20. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000395.
Throwing carries an inherent risk of injury that worsens in the presence of arm fatigue. The purpose of this study was to identify markers that could facilitate the early detection of this type of fatigue, by comparing the response to bouts of throwing-specific and running-based exercise. Thirteen elite junior male baseball players were tested twice, 7 days apart with a randomized crossover design. They were assessed for shoulder proprioception, maximal throwing velocity, and throwing accuracy before and after a 10-minute bout of either throwing-specific (THROW) or general (RUN) exercise. Maximal throwing velocity was reduced similarly after both THROW and RUN bouts (-1.0 ± 0.4 vs. -0.6 ± 0.2 m·s-1, respectively; p ≤ 0.05); however, accuracy was only reduced after THROW (7.6 ± 3.4 cm; p ≤ 0.05). Arm soreness increased significantly more after THROW than RUN (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 km·h-1, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). Shoulder proprioception did not change after either exercise bout. The results suggest that throwing velocity is an indicator of general fatigue, whereas throwing accuracy and arm soreness are markers of arm fatigue. Shoulder proprioception does not seem to be a sensitive marker of either type of fatigue. Throwing velocity should be monitored to gauge overall fatigue levels, whereas accuracy and arm soreness should be closely monitored to gauge arm fatigue and throwing-induced injury risk.
投掷运动存在内在的受伤风险，在手臂疲劳时这种风险会加剧。本研究的目的是通过比较对特定投掷运动和跑步运动的反应，确定能够有助于早期检测此类疲劳的标志物。13名精英青少年男性棒球运动员接受了两次测试，采用随机交叉设计，间隔7天。在进行10分钟的特定投掷（THROW）或一般（RUN）运动前后，对他们的肩部本体感觉、最大投掷速度和投掷准确性进行评估。THROW和RUN运动后，最大投掷速度均有类似程度的降低（分别为-1.0±0.4与-0.6±0.2米·秒-1；p≤0.05）；然而，只有在THROW运动后准确性才降低（7.6±3.4厘米；p≤0.05）。THROW运动后手臂酸痛的增加明显多于RUN运动（分别为3.5±0.7与1.4±0.5千米·小时-1；p≤0.05）。两种运动后肩部本体感觉均未改变。结果表明，投掷速度是一般疲劳的指标，而投掷准确性和手臂酸痛是手臂疲劳的标志物。肩部本体感觉似乎不是这两种疲劳类型的敏感标志物。应监测投掷速度以评估总体疲劳水平，而应密切监测准确性和手臂酸痛以评估手臂疲劳和投掷所致的受伤风险。
