Hajd Henni L, Sauvage F, Ninio C, Depaquit J, Augot D
Usc-VECPAR, ANSES-LSA, EA 4688, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51100 Reims, France.
Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Jan;21:110-7. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.008. Epub 2013 Oct 26.
In Europe, Culicoides chiopterus, Culicoides dewulfi, Culicoides obsoletus and Culicoides scoticus, which belongs to the subgenus Avaritia and Obsoletus group are the most proficient Bluetongue and Schmallenberg vectors. Within this group, correct identification based on morphological traits is difficult but essential to assess disease transmission risk. The development of new tools has revolutionized taxonomy (i.e. geometric morphometrics and molecular biology). Wing morphology is of primary importance to entomologists interested in systematics. Here, we report phenotypic differentiation patterns among the species above mentioned using a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach that efficiently identified C. chiopterus and C. dewulfi. Wing shape of the C. scoticus sample exhibited large specific variability. Based on landmarks and phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Parsimony), we suggest that Obsoletus group in Europe includes only C. obsoletus and C. scoticus. C. dewulfi and C. chiopterus are clearly excluded. Their shape seems closer to C. obsoletus that is why we suggest that only these two species should be grouped in the Obsoletus group. In addition, the concordance between phenetic clusters and phylogenies inferred from molecular data based on a fragment of the mtDNA COI gene and rDNA 28S suggests the existence of a strong signal in wing shape. These findings encourage us to use this powerful tool in taxonomic studies.
在欧洲，属于阿瓦里提亚亚属和废弃亚组的基氏库蠓、德氏库蠓、废弃库蠓和苏格兰库蠓是最主要的蓝舌病和施马伦贝格病传播媒介。在这个亚组中，基于形态特征进行准确鉴定很困难，但对于评估疾病传播风险至关重要。新工具的发展彻底改变了分类学（即几何形态计量学和分子生物学）。翅形态对于对系统学感兴趣的昆虫学家来说至关重要。在此，我们使用基于地标点的几何形态计量学方法报告上述物种之间的表型分化模式，该方法有效地鉴定了基氏库蠓和德氏库蠓。苏格兰库蠓样本的翅形表现出较大的种内变异性。基于地标点和系统发育分析（最大简约法），我们认为欧洲的废弃亚组仅包括废弃库蠓和苏格兰库蠓。德氏库蠓和基氏库蠓被明确排除在外。它们的形状似乎更接近废弃库蠓，这就是为什么我们建议仅将这两个物种归入废弃亚组。此外，基于线粒体DNA COI基因片段和核糖体DNA 28S的分子数据推断的表型聚类与系统发育之间的一致性表明翅形存在强烈信号。这些发现促使我们在分类学研究中使用这一强大工具。
