Augot Denis, Mathieu Bruno, Hadj-Henni Leila, Barriel Véronique, Zapata Mena Sonia, Smolis Sylvia, Slama Darine, Randrianambinintsoa Fano José, Trueba Gabriel, Kaltenbach Matthieu, Rahola Nil, Depaquit Jérôme
USC Vecpar, ANSES-LSA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, EA 4688, Reims 51096, France.
Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 3 rue Koeberlé, EA7292, Strasbourg 67000, France.
Parasite. 2017;24:23. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2017020. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
The genus Culicoides includes vectors of important animal diseases such as bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus (BTV and SBV). This genus includes 1300 species classified in 32 subgenera and 38 unclassified species. However, the phylogenetic relationships between different subgenera of Culicoides have never been studied. Phylogenetic analyses of 42 species belonging to 12 subgenera and 8 ungrouped species of genus Culicoides from Ecuador, France, Gabon, Madagascar and Tunisia were carried out using two molecular markers (28S rDNA D1 and D2 domains and COI mtDNA). Sequences were subjected to non-probabilistic (maximum parsimony) and probabilistic (Bayesian inference (BI)) approaches. The subgenera Monoculicoides, Culicoides, Haematomyidium, Hoffmania, Remmia and Avaritia (including the main vectors of bluetongue disease) were monophyletic, whereas the subgenus Oecacta was paraphyletic. Our study validates the subgenus Remmia (= Schultzei group) as a valid subgenus, outside of the subgenus Oecacta. In Europe, Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides scoticus and Culicoides chiopterus should be part of the Obsoletus complex whereas Culicoides dewulfi should be excluded from this complex. Our study suggests that the current Culicoides classification needs to be revisited with modern tools.
库蠓属包括重要动物疾病的传播媒介，如蓝舌病和施马伦贝格病毒（BTV和SBV）。该属包括1300个物种，分为32个亚属和38个未分类物种。然而，库蠓不同亚属之间的系统发育关系从未被研究过。使用两种分子标记（28S rDNA D1和D2结构域以及COI线粒体DNA）对来自厄瓜多尔、法国、加蓬、马达加斯加和突尼斯的库蠓属12个亚属的42个物种和8个未分组物种进行了系统发育分析。序列采用非概率（最大简约法）和概率（贝叶斯推断（BI））方法进行分析。单蠓亚属、库蠓亚属、血蠓亚属、霍夫曼蠓亚属、雷米亚蠓亚属和阿瓦里提亚蠓亚属（包括蓝舌病的主要传播媒介）是单系的，而奥卡塔蠓亚属是并系的。我们的研究证实雷米亚蠓亚属（=舒尔策组）是奥卡塔蠓亚属之外的一个有效亚属。在欧洲，废弃库蠓、苏格兰库蠓和毛翅库蠓应属于废弃库蠓复合体，而德武尔夫库蠓应排除在该复合体之外。我们的研究表明，需要用现代工具重新审视当前的库蠓分类。
