Matthiessen Jeppe, Stockmarr Anders, Biltoft-Jensen Anja, Fagt Sisse, Zhang Hao, Groth Margit Velsing
Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark,. Lyngby, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2014 Jun;42(4):385-92. doi: 10.1177/1403494813520356. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
To examine the hypotheses that an overall levelling off in the prevalence of overweight and obesity during the period 2000-2008 has occurred, and that increasing social inequality in overweight and obesity exists in a nationally representative sample of Danish children and adolescents.
The population comprised a random sample of 1849 children aged 4-14 years who participated in the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity in 2000-2002, 2003-2004 and 2005-2008. Parental education was chosen as an indicator of children's socioeconomic status. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from parent-reported weight and height. Subjects were classified as overweight and obese according to the International Obesity Task Force age- and gender-specific BMI cut-off values. Crude prevalence estimates and logistic regression models were used to analyse trends in overweight and obesity as the main outcome measures.
An increase was found in the crude prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in boys (12.8-21.7%, p = 0.0006), but not in girls (17.6-15.9%, p = 0.56), between 2000-2002 and 2005-2008. The prevalence of overweight increased significantly in boys of parents with low educational level only. A strong inverse social gradient in overweight and obesity was documented for boys and girls during the whole survey period.
The present study showed an increase in the prevalence of overweight in Danish boys, but not in girls. This increase was due to increasing social inequality in overweight among boys. Public health initiatives aimed at preventing and reducing overweight and obesity should consider gender difference and especially target boys with parents of low educational level.
检验以下假设，即在2000年至2008年期间超重和肥胖患病率总体趋于平稳，且在具有全国代表性的丹麦儿童和青少年样本中，超重和肥胖方面的社会不平等现象日益加剧。
研究人群为1849名4至14岁儿童的随机样本，他们分别在2000 - 2002年、2003 - 2004年以及2005 - 2008年参与了丹麦全国饮食与身体活动调查。选择父母的教育程度作为儿童社会经济地位的指标。根据父母报告的体重和身高计算体重指数（BMI）。根据国际肥胖特别工作组针对年龄和性别的BMI临界值将研究对象分为超重和肥胖。采用粗患病率估计值和逻辑回归模型分析超重和肥胖的趋势作为主要结局指标。
在2000 - 2002年至2005 - 2008年期间，男孩超重（包括肥胖）的粗患病率有所上升（从12.8%升至21.7%，p = 0.0006），而女孩则未上升（从17.6%降至15.9%，p = 0.56）。仅在教育程度低的父母所生男孩中超重患病率显著上升。在整个调查期间，男孩和女孩在超重和肥胖方面均呈现出强烈的社会梯度反向关系。
本研究表明丹麦男孩超重患病率上升，而女孩未上升。这种上升是由于男孩中超重方面日益加剧的社会不平等所致。旨在预防和减少超重及肥胖的公共卫生举措应考虑性别差异，尤其应针对父母教育程度低的男孩。
