Lasa A, Miranda J, Bulló M, Casas R, Salas-Salvadó J, Larretxi I, Estruch R, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Portillo M P
1] Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country-Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain [2] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III.
1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III [2] Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;68(7):767-72. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.1. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although benefits have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet, its effect on glycaemic control has not been totally elucidated. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on several parameters and indices related to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A multicentric parallel trial was conducted on 191 participants (77 men and 114 women) of the PREDIMED study in order to compare three dietary interventions: two Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil (n=67; body mass index (BMI)=29.4±2.9) or mixed nuts (n=74; BMI=30.1±3.1) and a low-fat diet (n=50; BMI=29.8±2.8). There were no drop-outs. Changes in body weight and waist circumference were determined. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR index, adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/HOMA-R ratios after 1 year of follow-up.
Increased values of adiponectin/leptin ratio (P=0.043, P=0.001 and P<0.001 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively) and adiponectin/HOMA-IR ratio (P=0.061, P=0.027 and P=0.069 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively) and decreased values of waist circumference (P=0.003, P=0.001 and P=0.001 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively) were observed in the three groups. In both Mediterranean diet groups, but not in the low-fat diet group, this was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P=0.347, P=0.003 and P=0.021 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively).
Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts reduced total body weight and improved glucose metabolism to the same extent as the usually recommended low-fat diet.
背景/目的：尽管地中海饮食被认为有益健康，但其对血糖控制的影响尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在比较两种地中海饮食与低脂饮食对2型糖尿病患者血糖控制相关的多个参数和指标的影响。
受试者/方法：对PREDIMED研究中的191名参与者（77名男性和114名女性）进行了一项多中心平行试验，以比较三种饮食干预措施：两种分别补充初榨橄榄油（n = 67；体重指数（BMI）= 29.4±2.9）或混合坚果（n = 74；BMI = 30.1±3.1）的地中海饮食，以及一种低脂饮食（n = 50；BMI = 29.8±2.8）。没有参与者退出。测定体重和腰围的变化。随访1年后，通过HOMA-IR指数、脂联素/瘦素和脂联素/HOMA-R比值来测量胰岛素抵抗。
三组均观察到脂联素/瘦素比值升高（低脂、橄榄油和坚果饮食组分别为P = 0.043、P = 0.001和P < 0.001）以及脂联素/HOMA-IR比值升高（低脂、橄榄油和坚果饮食组分别为P = 0.061、P = 0.027和P = 0.069），同时腰围减小（低脂、橄榄油和坚果饮食组分别为P = 0.003、P = 0.001和P = 0.001）。在两种地中海饮食组中，但在低脂饮食组中未观察到，这与体重显著降低有关（低脂、橄榄油和坚果饮食组分别为P = 0.347、P = 0.003和P = 0.021）。
补充初榨橄榄油或坚果的地中海饮食在降低体重总量和改善葡萄糖代谢方面与通常推荐的低脂饮食效果相当。
